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Basics of Control
System
 GATE Question (IN-
2016)
The relationship between the force f(t) and the displacement x(t) of a
spring-mass system (with a mass M, viscous damping D and spring
constant K) is
𝐝𝟐 𝐱 𝐭
𝐌 +𝐃 + 𝐊𝐱 𝐭 = 𝐟 𝐭
𝐝𝐱𝐝𝐭𝐭𝟐
X(s)𝐝𝐭
and F(s) are the Laplace transforms of x(t) and f(t) respectively.

With M = 0.1, D = 2, K =10 in appropriate units, the transfer function

𝐗 𝐬
𝐆(𝐬) = is
𝐅 𝐬

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 GATE Question (ECE-
2016)
The block diagram of a feedback control system is shown in
the figure.

The overall closed-loop gain G of the system is

+
G2 G1
X +− Y
−
H1

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 GATE Question contd…(ECE-
2016)
𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 𝐆 𝟏𝐆𝟐
(A) 𝐆 = (C) 𝐆 =
𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐇𝟏 𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐𝐇𝟏

𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟐
(B) 𝐆 = (D) 𝐆 =
𝟏++𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐+𝐆𝟏𝐇𝟏 𝟏+𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 +𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟏

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 GATE Question (ECE-
2014)
Consider the following block diagram in the figure.
R(s) + +
G1 G2 C (s )
+ +

The transfer function 𝐂𝐑 𝐬𝐬

is

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 GATE Question contd…(ECE-
2014)
𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐
(A) (C) 𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 + 𝐆𝟐 + 𝟏
𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐

𝐆𝟏
(B) 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 + 𝟏 (D)
𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐

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 GATE Question (ECE-
2010)
The transfer function 𝒀(𝒔)
𝑹(𝒔)
of the system shown is
R(s) +
∑ 1 Y(s)
s+1
−

− +
1
∑
s+1

𝟐
(A) 0 (C)
𝐬+𝟏

𝟏 𝟐
(B) (D)
𝐬+𝟏 𝐬+𝟑

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 GATE Question (ECE-
2014)
For the following system,
X2 (s)
+
+ s + 1 Y(s)
s+1 𝑠
X1 ( s ) −

𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐗 𝟏 (𝐬) = 𝟎,

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 GATE Question contd…(ECE-
2014)
𝐘𝐬
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐢
𝐗𝟐 𝐬
𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐬
𝐬+𝟏 𝐬+𝟐
𝐀 (𝐂)
𝐬𝟐
𝐬 𝐬+𝟏

𝟏 𝐬+𝟏
𝐁 (𝐃)
𝐬+𝟏 𝐬 𝐬+𝟐

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 GATE Question (ECE-
2015)
For the signal flow graph shown in the figure, the value of

𝐂𝐬
𝐢𝐬
𝐑𝐬
−H3

1 X1 X3 1 X4
R(s) C(s)
G3 X5 G4
G1 X2 G2

−H2
−
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 GATE Question contd…(ECE-
2015)
𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒
(A)
𝟏−𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟏 −𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟐 −𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐇𝟑 +𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟏 𝐇𝟐

𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒
(B)
𝟏+𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟏 +𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟐 +𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐇𝟑 +𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟏 𝐇𝟐

𝟏
(C)
𝟏+𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟏 +𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟐 +𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐇𝟑 +𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟏 𝐇𝟐

𝟏
(D)
𝟏−𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟏 +𝐆𝟑 𝐆𝟒 𝐇𝟐 +𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐇𝟑 +𝐆 𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟑 𝐆 𝟒 𝐇𝟏 𝐇𝟐

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 GATE Question (EE-
2015)
For the signal-flow graph shown in the figure, which one of
the
following expressions is equal to the transfer function 𝐘 𝐬 ?
𝐗𝟐 𝐬 𝐗𝟏 𝐬 =𝟎
ቚ X1(s) X2(s)

1 G1 G2
Y(s)

−1 −1

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 GATE Question contd…(EE-
2015)
𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟏
(A) (C)
𝟏+𝐆𝟐 𝟏+𝐆𝟏 𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐

𝐆𝟐 𝐆𝟏
(B) (D)
𝟏+𝐆𝟏 𝟏+𝐆𝟐 (𝟏+𝐆𝟏𝐆𝟐)

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 GATE Question (IN-
2009)
 A filter is represented by the signal flow graph shown in the figure.

Its input x(t) and output is y(t).

The transfer function of the filter is

1 1
X(s)
k −1/S
−k
Y(s)
1 1

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System

 GATE Question contd…(IN-
2009)
− 𝟏 + 𝐊𝐒 𝟏 − 𝐊𝐒
𝐀 (𝐃)
𝐒+𝐊 𝐒+𝐊

𝟏 + 𝐊𝐒 − 𝟏 − 𝐊𝐒
𝐁 (𝐂)
𝐒−𝐊 𝐒+𝐊

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System

 GATE Question (IN-
2011)
 The signal flow graph of a system is given below.

G3
R 1 1 G1 1 C
G2
H1
−H2

The transfer function (C/R) of the system is

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System

 GATE Question contd…(IN-
2011)
𝐆 𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟑
(𝐀)
𝟏 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟐

𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟑
(𝐁)
𝟏 − 𝐆𝟏 𝐇𝟏 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟐

𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟑
(𝐂)
𝟏 − 𝐆𝟏 𝐇𝟏 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟑 𝐇𝟐

𝐆 𝟏 𝐆𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟑
(𝐃)
𝟏 − 𝐆𝟏 𝐇𝟏 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐 𝐇𝟐 + 𝐆𝟏 𝐆 𝟑 𝐇𝟐 + 𝐆 𝟏 𝐆 𝟐 𝐆 𝟑 𝐇 𝟏
www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System
 GATE Question (EE-
2014)
 The signal flow graph of a system is shown below. U(s) is the input

and C(s) is the output.

h1

1 1
h0 1 s 1 s 1

U( s ) C ( s)
−a1

−a0
www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System
 GATE Question contd…(EE-
2014)
 Assuming 𝐡𝟏 = 𝐛𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐎 = 𝐛𝟎 − 𝐛 𝟏 𝐚 𝟏 , the input-output transfer
𝐂 𝐬
function 𝐆(𝐬) = of the system is given by
𝐔 𝐬

𝐛𝟎𝐬+𝐛𝟏 𝐛𝟏𝐬+𝐛𝟎
 𝐀 𝐆 𝐬 = (𝐂) 𝐆(𝐬) =
𝐬𝟐+𝐚𝟎𝐬+𝐚𝟏 𝐬𝟐+𝐚𝟏𝐬+𝐚𝟎

𝐚𝟏𝐬+𝐚𝟎 𝐚𝟎𝐬+𝐚𝟏
 𝐁 𝐆 𝐬 = (𝐃) 𝐆(𝐬) =
𝐬𝟐+𝐛𝟏𝐬+𝐛𝟎 𝐬𝟐+𝐛𝟎𝐬+𝐛𝟏

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System

 GATE Question (IN-
2013)
 The signal flow graph for a system is given below. The transfer

function𝐘𝐔 𝐬𝐬 for this system is given as

1
U(s) 1 Y(s)
s −1 1

s−1 −4
𝐬+𝟏 −2 𝐬+𝟏
𝐀 (𝐂)
𝟓𝐬𝟐 + 𝟔𝐬 + 𝟐 𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐬 + 𝟐
𝐬+𝟏 𝟏
𝐁 (𝐃)
𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐬 + 𝟐 𝟓𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐬 + 𝟐
www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System
 GATE Question (IN-
2006)
 The signal flow graph representation of a control system is shown

𝐘(𝐬)
below. The transfer function is computed as
𝐑(𝐬)
1
s

R(s) 1 1/s 1/s 1/s 1

Y(s)
−1 −1
www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System
 GATE Question contd…(IN-
2006)
𝟏 𝐬 𝐬𝟐 +𝟐
𝐀 𝐂
𝐬 𝐬𝟐 +𝟏

𝐬𝟐 +𝟏
𝐁 𝐃 𝟏 − 𝐬𝟏
𝐬 𝐬 𝟐 +𝟐

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control System

 GATE Question (EE-
2014)
The block diagram of a system is shown in the figure

1 −
G(s) S
R(s) +
−
+
− (s)
s

If the desired transfer function of the system is

𝐂𝐬 𝐬
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐆 𝐬 𝐢𝐬
𝐑𝐬 =
𝐬𝟐 + 𝐬 + 𝟏
(A) 1 (C) 1/s
−𝐬
(B) s 𝐃
𝐬𝟑 +𝐬𝟐 −𝐬−𝟐

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 GATE Question (EE-
2015)
Find the transfer function (Y(s))/(X(s)) of the system given below

𝐆𝟏 𝐆𝟐
+
𝐀 + G1
𝟏 − 𝐇𝐆𝟏 𝟏 − 𝐇𝐆𝟐 −
+
𝐁 𝐆𝟏 X(s) Y(s)
+ H
Y(s)
𝐆𝟐 +
𝐆 + 𝐆𝟐𝟏 + 𝐇𝐆
𝟏 + −
𝐂 𝟏 + 𝐇𝐆 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 + 𝐇 𝐆𝟏 + 𝐆𝟐 G2

𝐆𝟏 + 𝐆𝟐
𝐃
𝟏 − 𝐇 𝐆𝟏 + 𝐆𝟐

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 GATE Question (ECE/EE/IN-2013)
Assuming zero initial condition, the response y(t) of the system given
below to a unit step input u(t) is

U(s) 1 Y(s)
𝑠

(A) 𝐮(𝐭) (C) 𝐭𝟐

𝟐𝐮 𝐭

(B) 𝐭 𝐮 𝐭 (D) 𝐞 −𝐭 𝐮 𝐭

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 GATE Question (EE-
2010)
 As shown in the figure, a negative feedback system has an amplifier of

gain 100 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 ± 𝟏𝟎% tolerance in the forward path, and an

attenuator of value 9/100 in the feedback path. The overall system
gain is approximately:
+
100 ± 10%
−

9
100
www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control Systems
 GATE Question contd…(EE-
2010)
 (A) 𝟏𝟎 ± 𝟏% (C) 𝟏𝟎 ± 𝟓%

 (B) 𝟏𝟎 ± 𝟐% (D) 𝟏𝟎 ± 𝟏𝟎%

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control Systems

 GATE Question (IN-
2007)
 A feedback control system with high K, is shown in the figure

below:
C(s)
R(s)+ K G(s)
_

H(s)

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control Systems

 GATE Question contd…(IN-
2007)
Then the closed loop transfer function is.

(A) sensitive to perturbations in G(s) and H(s)

(B) sensitive to perturbations in G(s) and but not to perturbations

H(s)

(C) sensitive to perturbations in H(s) and but not to perturbations

G(s)

(D) insensitive to perturbations in G(s) and H(s)

www.thegateacademy.com SUBJECT: Control Systems