Execution Of Survey

Method of Collecting Data

 SOURCES OF DATA
• Internal Sources
• External sources
 TYPE OF DATA
• PRIMARY DATA-Primary data are mainly collected by
a researcher for a pre-determined problem or
statistical question

• SECONDARY DATA- Secondary data are the data that

have already been collected by someone else before
the current needs of a researcher
 DIFFERENCE
between primary and secondary
data
• Cost factor
• Sources
• Time factor
• Reliability and Suitability
• Precautions
• Data
 SURVEY METHODS
• Direct personal investigation
• Indirect personal investigation
• Questionnaire method –
(a) Questionnaire sent through post/ e-
mail
(b) Schedules sent through Enumerators.
• Telephonic Interview
• Observations
 Evaluation criteria for survey
1. Cost
2. Time
3. Response rate
4. Speed of data collection
5. Survey coverage area
6. Bias due to interviewer
7. Quantity of data
8. Question diversity
 Reports and Publication from
Government Sources
 Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government
of India (http://mospi.gov.in).
 National Statistics Commission, the Central Statistical
Organization.
 The Office of Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (
http://www.censusindia.gov.in).
 Director General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, Ministry
of Commerce and Industry, Government of India (
http://www.dgciskol.nic.in).
 Reserve Bank of India (http://www.rbi.org.in)
 Planning Commission, Government of India(http://planningcommission
.gov.in)
• In India, there are various firms involved in
selling data. For example, indiastat.com
and CMIE are two private firms involved in
the accumulation and selling of the data
Home page of Prowess V. 3.1 (a product of the
CMIE)
 Media Resources
 Leading news papers such as The Economic Times,
Pioneer, The Hindu, The Hindustan Times, The
Indian Express, The Telegraph (Kolkata), The Asian
Age, The Hindu Business Line, Business Standard,
The Financial Express, and many more national and
regional newspapers have plentiful information.

 Apart from the daily newspapers, some magazines such

as India Today, Outlook, Business India, Business
Today, Competition Success Review, and so on
provide a lot of information related to the current issues.
Roadmap to Use
Secondary Data
 Questionnaire
• A questionnaire is a set of questions
relating to the enquiry
Essentials of a good
questionnaire
1. The questionnaire should not be too lengthy.
2. A decent paper and printing is to be chosen.
3. The questions asked should be well worded
and should not be ambiguous.
4. The questions asked should be in proper
sequence.
5. Irrelevant questions to the study should be
avoided
6. Questions should not injure the feelings of the
respondents.
7. Questions should be such that the respondents
has to do the minimum of writing work.
8. Necessary instructions and definitions
should be given.
9. Questions involving the mathematical
calculations should be avoided.
10. There should be guarantee to keep the
answers secret and to use them only for
the purpose of said investigation.
 The covering letter should contain the
following points:
1. A request for corporation should be made.
2. An assurance that the information supplied should be
kept secret.
3. The purpose of investigation should be told to the
informants.
4. Self-addressed and stamped envelope should be
supplied.
5. Name and detail of the investigator should be given.
 ORGANISATION OF DATA
• It involve three stages:
(1)Editing the data.
(2)Classification of data
(3)Tabulation of data
• EDITING OF DATA

(i) Editing for completeness

(ii) Editing for uniformity
(iii)Editing for consistency
(iv)Editing for Accuracy
 Classification of data
• Classification is the process of arranging
data into sequences and groups according
to their common characteristics, or
separating them into different but related
parts.
• Classification helps in
(i) Clarity
(ii) Homogeneity
(iii) Comparison
(iv) Condensation
(vi) Presentation
(vii) Analysis
 TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION
• Geographical Classification
Recording data on the basis of
geographical area like village, city, states,
regions, zones etc.

Geographical classification is done in an

alphabetical order.
 State wise Population of India 2017

Name of state Population

Andhra Pradesh -

Arunachal Pradesh -

Assam -

Bihar -

Chhattisgarh -
 Chronological classification
• On the basis of time like hourly, daily, weekly,
monthly, quarterly, yearly, decade-wise etc.

POPULATION OF INDIA SINCE 2001

Year Population (Crores)
2001 -
2002 -
2003 -
2004 -
2005 -
2006 -
 Conditional classification
• Done on the basis of some conditions like
gender, literacy, marital status etc.
NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER DIFFERENT
FACULTIES IN A UNIVERSITY
Faculties No. Of Students
Humanities -
Languages -
Commerce -
Management -
Science -
 Qualitative Classification
• On the basis of qualitative attributes.

(a)Two-fold or Dichotomous Classification

(b)Manifold Classification
 Quantitative classification
Marks No. Of students
0-10 20
10-20 20
20-30 10
30-40 6
40-50 4