Practice of e-Governance in

Nepali Education Sector

Shishir P. Aryal (75152101)

Faculty of Social Sciences and Education
EDAW722: Governance and Accountability in Education
Jiban Khadka, PhD
27 Jeshtha 2077
 Outlines
Definitions
Objectives of e-governance
Purpose of e-governance in Education
Network of School Education
Brief History of ICT in Nepal
Use of e-governance in Education
Impact of e-governance in Education
A Frame work for measuring e-
governance
Challenges of e-governance in Nepal
National Arrangement for e-governance
e-Governance partners
Task Ahead
References
 Definitions

World Bank (2001) : government-owned or operated

systems ICTs for the transformation of public relations.

Council of Europe: the use of electronic

technologies in the areas of public action.

The application of ICT in establishing interaction

between the different levels of government, business and
the citizenry (ADBI, 2007)

Governance that utilizes the capabilities of information

technology maximally to achieve its objectives of good
governance is now called e-Governance and sometimes it
is even called e-Democracy (Kanel, 2001).
 Objectives of e-governance
• To make the government capable, strong, service-oriented and
effective,
• To make governance transparent and accountable,
• To make public services available online,
• To provide boundary-less service flow,
• To make service flow cost-effective
• To implement the concept of paperless administration,
• To ensure the participation of ordinary citizens in the state machinery,
• To participate in the global economy,
• To reduce workload and pressure of publication through electronic
recall,
• To build a vibrant and conscious society,
• To empower citizens through knowledge and information,
• To implement governance based on efficiency and expertise,
• To give credence to the belief that good governance is the ultimate
destination of e-governance.
 Purpose of e-governance in Education
• It provides new ways of communicating, imparting education, organizing and delivering
information and services to enhance good education.
• It transforms the relationship between administration and students to achieve the education goals .
• It increases the participation of the students in the process of achieving education goals through
online discussion groups and by enhancing the rapid development and effectiveness of the learning
methods.
• The administration may provide better service in terms of time, making governance more efficient
and more effective. the transaction costs lower and the services become more accessible. .
(Defining E-Governance, UNESCO, 2005)
• It enables effective monitoring of academic standards, improving education, improve information
and service delivery, encourage student participation in the decision making process, making
administration transparent and effective and give universities, college and schools a new channel of
educational deployment.
• It enhances efficiency of the existing system and increase transparency in the functioning of various
departments. It provides better service delivery and the distribution of information to students and
faculties using electronic means. (Fry, 2001; Singh, Donoghue and Worton, 2005).
 in
Governance in
CDC MoSD
V/Municipality
Education Governance
of Nepal
TSC EDD

Committee
Education
Ministry of Education Education
Department
JEMC ETC

NEB Schools

Committee
CEHRD

Ward
Teaching / Learning
School Education
Government

Rashtra Sewak Activities

Kitabkhana (Teacher)
Nepal
Nepal

under the Ministry of

Federal Affairs and General
Administration
School
of School

ERO SMC
Head Teacher
AHT
NEB DHs T/L Activities
Network of

PTA NT Teachers Students

CTEVT
Network

Staffs

National Council of National Goals of People of Nepal

Education Education Promoting into Developing
Country
 Sc
Federal • Government to • Government to
Political
Party
GoN Provinci
al GoN
op Government
Citizen
• Public and other
Stakeholders
I/NGOs
and
Local e
GoN
CBOs
Banks
of G2G G2C
And
Other Student e-
Corporal
Houses School Go
Media
SMC/PTA/ HM
/AHM/DH Teacher ver G2B G2E
na • Government to Business
• Teaching Learning
• Government to
Employees
Alumni Non • Teacher
Associati
on
Teaching
Staffs
nc Administration

Foreign
Parents
Area of Implementation e
Embassy
Public E-administration, E-services, E-participation

e-Governance Partners in School Improved Education system , Enhanced Teaching Tools,

Centralized Information

Integrated Services: collecting Fees, granting

Admission, administering regulation

Anywhere, anytime information, Lowering Costs

Improved Decision Making and Better planning
Better Security and Protection of Information
 Brief History of ICT in Nepal
1972. Introduction of computer for census (IBM1401)
1974: Establishment of Electronic Data Processing Center
1982: First Private Overseas Investment in software development by establishing
company for export, Data Systems International (p) LTD
1985: Distribution of Personal Computers
1990: Liberalization on imports of equipment
1992: Establishment of Computer Association of Nepal
1996: Establishment of the Ministry of Science & Technology
2000: Announcement of the first IT policy, “IT Policy 2000” and "IT Policy 2004"
2001: Establishment of National Information Technology Center
2003: Establishment of High Level Commission for Information Technology
2007: Enactment of Electronics Transaction Act • (Dhami & Futo, 2010)
 Use of e-governance in Nepali Education
 Ministry of Education from Academic Year 2072/073:
 Excel based School level EMIS: (Students: Number of students, class, scholarship,
Marks, tracking Cards, Mark-sheets, CAS system, New Students, Teachers, Physical
Infrastructure, Subject wise Achievement, Annual Attendance)
 District Level: Integrated IEMIS
 Notices through web sites of almost of government offices.
 The provision of an online system to fill up the examination and registration form  of
National Examination Board (NEB) 
 PMT Scholarship Application for all community school and students:
https://sfafdb.edu.np/pmt-form/
 Electronic Attendance, Two way communication with guardians.
 Online Admission process, Virtual classes in Universities and schools.
 Digitization And Electronic Books Management: CDC, NEB, YouTube Videos.
 Online training, Conferences.
 Use of e-governance in Education: Impacts

E-governance
improves efficiency
and effectiveness of
education system. The
impact can be
measured in possible
stakeholders:
Students Organizations System
Improved means of Economic Impact. Long term impact
education. Improved Quality on organization
Better service to of service. goals.
students Transparency in Improved
Increased operations. Education system.
participation in Improvement in Empowerment of
education affairs education system. faculties, students
Increased and
efficiency of encouragement of
faculties and of their participation
administration in governance.
• A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING E GOVERNANCE IN EDUCATION

• The framework for measuring the success of any e governance with respect to
education should focus on four pillars given in the figure below.

• These four pillars are sufficient enough to measure the success of the e governance
in any educational institution. The above mentioned four criteria’s for measuring the
success of any e governance in any educational organization are interrelated and are
interdependent on each other. The failure in the success of any of the criteria will
have an impact on the other factors and will affect the overall success of the e
governance initiative. (Alhomod & Shafi, 2013)
Challenges of e-governance in Education
 Infrastructure development and Budget Allotment, Less Priority and access.
 Technical knowledge in stakeholders, User Awareness and Self-initiated Learning
and Insufficient Education.
 Legal use of e-governance for the desirable flow of public service.
 Mistrust, Cyber crimes and misuse of information.
 Understanding upon its importance and necessity or Overrating the capacity of EMIS.
 Use of the world's newest technology in e-governance and Personnel Shortage.
 Strong legal foundations of e-governance and Practical use of digital signature.
 Availability and management of reliable, sustainable and sufficient energy.
 Properly address of problems caused by geographical disturbances.
 Creation of Knowledge base society for the use of e-governance.
 Need of Continuous training. (Dhami & Futo, 2010)
 National Arrangement: Institutional / Policy
INSTITUTIONAL: Department of Information Technology (DOIT)
Established in 2013, Under Ministry of Communication and information Technology
Focuses on implementing e‐ Governance and covers IT related law and policies,
Banepa IT Park
Nepal IT Center: Also working a GIDC of government agencies, with DR site in
Hetauda.
Controller of Certification (OCC): formed to authorize to legalize digital
signatures.
National IT Coordination Council: formed under chairmanship of Prime
minister.
POLICY:
Electronic Transaction Act (2006)
e-Governance Master Plan (eGMP) 2007
ICT Development Project (2008-2014). The project promised of: ● Rural e-
Community (wireless broadband, tele-centers) ● Government Network (GIDC,
Groupware) ● eGov Application( GEA, NID, PSC Recruitment MS, Land Record MS,
VRS and Driving Licence) ● HR Development (awareness, training)
● IT Policy 2067 (2010) ● 10 Year Master Plan (2011): initiated by NTA taking into
account telecom acts ● iCT in education Master Plan 2013-17 ● IT Umbrella Act (2014)
● National IT Roadmap (2015) ● eGMP-2 (2015) ● Broadband Policy 2071 ● ICT
Policy 2072
Task Ahead
 Web Enabled Grievance
Redressed System.
 e-Payment.
 Public Awareness.
 Digital Signature.
 ICT Personnel
 Budget Allocation
 References
Alhomod, S. & Shafi, M.M. (2013) E-GOVERNANCE IN EDUCATION: Areas of Impact and
Proposing A Framework to Measure the Impact. Turkish Online Journal of Distance
Education-TOJDE April 2013 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 14 Number: 2 Article 21
Defining E-Governance (2005). http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-
URL_ID=6616&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Dhami & Futo (2010) Implementation Challenges of e-Governance in Nepal and Possible Steps
towards Solutions, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Applied Informatics
Eger, Hungary, January 27–30, 2010. Vol. 1. pp. 433–445.
Fry, K. (2001). ELearning Markets and Providers: Some issues and prospects. Training and
Education, 43(4), pp. 233-239.
Singh, G.; O'Donoghue, J., and Worton, H. (2005). "A Study Into The Effects Of eLearning
On Higher Education", Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, Pg. 14-
24.
Thank YOU