LTE Overview: Regional RA Sales Workshops Beijing/Shanghai 21 - 25 April 2008

LTE Overview
Regional RA Sales Workshops

Beijing/Shanghai 21th-25th April 2008
Arno Koch
For internal use

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
LTE DRIVERS & TRENDS
For internal use

Terminal, network and application
development drive traffic growth
Typical operator case:

350% growth in
HSPA data volume
in 6 months
Advanced terminals HSPA radio networks Internet applications
For internal use

Traffic increase requires low cost/bit technologies
Traffic volume
Revenue
Network
cost
Time
Voice Data
dominated dominated
Price per MByte has to be reduced further to remain profitable

For internal use
Source: Light Reading (adapted)
Key benefits for operators and end-user
Investment Protection User experience  ARPU
Re-use of
Throughput Latency
• Sites and
infrastructure
• Backhauling
• Frequency bands
HSPA HSPA LTE HSPA HSPA LTE
evo evo
LowCosts
Low cost per Mbyte Scalable bandwidth
Cost per Mbyte Optimized spectrum usage
900 MHz GSM UMTS
or
900 MHz GSM LTE
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

3G HSPA HSPAevo LTE …
For internal use

LTE/SAE overview
Flat Overall Architecture Access Core Control
• 2-node architecture
• All-IP
LTE BTS MME/GW IMS HLR/HS
(eNodeB)
S
Improved Radio Principles RF Modulation:

• Peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 58 UL • OFDMA in DL
• Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz • SC-FDMA in UL
• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms
RAN MME GW
New Core Architecture
• Simplified Protocol Stack
• Simple, more efficient QoS eNodeB
LTE/SAE significantly improves performance

for a next generation mobile network
For internal use

NGMN Consortium
LTE/SAE Trial Initiative
For internal use

NGMN Consortium
For internal use

LSTI (LTE-SAE Trial Initiative)
- joint test bed for LTE worldwide
…….. active parties within LSTI
Nokia Siemens Networks drives LSTI.

LSTI initiatives goals/objectives
• demonstrate feasibility and Schedule & Program Office:
capabilities of 3GPP LTE-SAE 2007 2008 2009 2010
technology under real world Proof of Concept
conditions. Indoor & outdoor tests Test of OFDM Air Interface
Test of basic
• accelerate development of 3GPP functions
specification by identifying IODT Interoperability
shortcomings out of test phases IOT
• reduce risk of market introduction of Friendly customer Trials
new LTE-SAE technology trials
Public Relation work PR
For internal use

Standardization overview
For internal use

Overall 3GPP LTE Work Plan
2007 2008 2009
Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun
Phy ch, Modulation F

Coding F
RAN1
Procedure F
Measurement F
UE Idle mode A F
UE capability A F A: Approval
MAC A F
RAN2 RLC A F F: Freezing
PDCP A/F
RRC A F F
Protocol&Tabular ASN.1
Layer 1 A F
Sig. transport A F
RAN3 Data transport A F
Protocol A F F
Protocol&Tabular ASN.1
UE Tx/Rx A/F
RAN4 eNB Tx/Rx A/F
RRM A F
eNB Test A/F
Common env. A
RAN5
For internal use
Signaling A
11 © Nokia Siemens RF
Networks Presentation / Author / Date A
LTE/SAE OVERVIEW
For internal use

LTE/SAE - Key Architectural Concept
Flat and Cost effective Mobile Network
Access Core Control
2G MGW MSC
BTS BSC
GSM/EDGE/
UMTS/HSPA
RNC SGSN GGSN
W-CDMA BTS
Shift of
functionalit
y MGW IMS HLR/HSS
LTE / SAE
MME
LTE BTS SAE-GW
(eNodeB)
• From CS to PS domain (VoIP), split of functions between eNodeB & aGW

• Interworking, smooth migration, service continuity and investment
protection
For internal use
LTE/SAE Mobility
Access Specific Local Access Service
Mobility Independent
UE 3GPP IP PoA
Global Mobility Layer
UE Identifier
Global IP
UE Global IP PoA Address
RNC/B SGSN*
BTS/NB SC MME HLR/HSS
PDN (AAA)
GW (HA)
GTP
GTP
DNS
GTP
eNode B
MIP
Serving
GW (FA)
IMS
Operator
I-WLAN ePDG for I-WLAN Servicesx
CDMA2000 PDSN for
WiMAX CDMA2000
BS …… ASN-GW for WiMAX Internet /
Corporate
……. Services
DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)
For internal use
3GPP evolution track – I-HSPA and LTE
Operator migration from a CDMA network
Enabling flat broadband architecture

Leveraging existing
handset base I-HSPA LTE R8
(addressing
all price points)
W-CDMA/
HSPA
GSM/
(E)GPRS CDMA
3GPP defined mechanism for seamless interworking

of 3GPP-LTE/SAE with 3GSM and cdma2000-networks
For internal use

LTE Performance Overview
For internal use

LTE performance targets for Throughput and Latency
Initially up to 173Mbps DL, 58Mbps UL and latency of 10-20ms
Max. peak data rate ** Average cell throughput (macro cell, 20 MHz) **
350
Downlink
60
300 Uplink Downllink
50 Uplink
250
40
200
Mbps
MHz/cell
150 30
100 20
50 10
0
HSPA R6 HSPAevo (Rel. LTE 2x20 MHz LTE 2x20 MHz 0
VoIP capacity **
7/8, 2x2 MIMO) (2x2 MIMO) (4x4 MIMO) HSPA R6, HSPAevo Rel8, LTE (2x2 MIMO), LTE (4x4 MIMO),
4 carriers (5MHz) 4 carriers (5MHz) 20 MHz carrier 20 Mhz carrier
70
Latency (Rountrip delay) * Downllink
60
Uplink
50
Calls/MHz/Cell
GSM/EDGE
40
30
HSPA Rel6
20
HSPAevo 10
(Rel 8)
0
LTE HSPA R6 LTE
min max
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 ms
DSL (~20 - 50 ms, depending on operator)

** LTE values acc. to 3GPP R1-072580 case 1
* Server near RAN
(macro cell, full buffer, 500m ISD)
For internal use
HSPA and LTE Refarming at 850/900 MHz
UMTS capacity with 1 antenna terminals is similar to LTE 3.0 MHz with 2 antenna
terminals and MIMO
LTE provides major performance benefit over HSPA with 10-20 MHz bandwidth
SISO SIMO 2x2 MIMO
10.0 MHz 1-tx / 1-rx 1-tx / 2-rx 2-tx / 2-rx
UMTS = 4.2 MHz UMTS

= 21 GSM carriers 5 MHz 4 Mbps 5 Mbps 6 Mbps
LTE = 1.2 MHz LTE

= 6 GSM carriers 1.4 1.1 Mbps 1.6 Mbps
LTE = 2.8 MHz LTE 3.0

= 14 GSM carriers MHz 3.1 Mbps 4.4 Mbps
LTE = 4.6 MHz LTE 5.0 MHz 5.8 Mbps 8.3 Mbps
= 23 GSM carriers
For internal use

Voice Capacity
‘CS Voice over HSPA’ and ‘LTE – VoIP’ offer large voice capacity improvements
• 15 x more users per MHz with 3GPP LTE than with GSM EFR!
50
45
40
35
User per MHz
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
GSM EFR GSM GSM WCDMA HSPA HSPA CS LTE VoIP
AMR DFCA CS voice VoIP/CS 5.9 kbps 12.2 kbps
5.9 kbps 12.2 kbps
For internal use
Scenario: LTE used for high speed packet data access only
Operator voice service provided over CS network
MME
Laptop with Data
LTE data card Internet
SAE GW
LTE radio
network
Operator
2G/3G CS voice IP network
terminal
2G/3G radio
network
MSC Server System
• LTE network is applied to provide high speed packet data access

• LTE network can be accessed with laptop data cards
• Operator provided voice service is implemented via 2G/3G CS (incl.CS over HSPA)
• Subscribers may use Internet based VoIP services over LTE
– Similar limitations as with Internet VoIP apply (limited QoS capabilities, no handover
to 2G/3G)
For internal use

LTE UE Categories
• All categories support 20 MHz
• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)
• 2x2 MIMO in other classes except Class 1
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Peak rate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps
RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
Modulation UL 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 64QAM
Rx diversity Yes1 Yes Yes Yes Yes
BTS tx diversity 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4
Performance requirements are based on 2-rx, but 2-rx is not mandated directly
1
No 64QAM
2
For internal use

SOLUTION AND PRODUCTS
For internal use

Evolution Path towards LTE-architecture
Exploit core network synergies
Leverage existing handset base

I-HSPA LTE R8
W-CDMA/
HSPA
GSM/
(E)GPRS
Greenfield / CDMA
For internal use

Simple LTE Upgrade with Nokia Siemens Networks
End to end LTE solution

launched in MWC08: LTE applications in
Flexi Multimode BTS, commercial hardware
MME, SAE-GW
3x60 W Flexi Multimode RF

Module and System Module:
HSPA now
LTE with software upload
For internal use

Nokia Siemens Networks’ unbeatable LTE upgrade
Direct tunnel I-HSPA

HSPA R7 HSPA R7 LTE R8 Introduce Flexi
Mobile Network
Gateway (SAE-GW)
GGSN GGSN SAE GW
SGSN SGSN MME/SGSN SGSN software

upgradeable to MME
RNC
Flexi Flexi Flexi
Multimod Multimod Multimod
e BTS e BTS e BTS Flexi Multimode BTS
software
upgradeable to LTE
For internal use

Unique LTE introduction with Flexi BTS Concept
• Focus on investment protection

– same hardware for WCDMA and LTE
– same OSS
• Re-use of site installations optimized

with Flexi concept WCDMA
/ LTE
le
RF Modu
– Fast overlay roll-out without additional footprint
/ LTE
WCDMA
– Antenna sharing in spectrum re-farming scenarios System M odule
LTE with simple SW upgrade of Flexi Multimode BTS
For internal use

Ready for Software Radio
 Flexi BTS modules for GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE
LTE shares same

Hardware
HSPA / LTE
with WCDMA
 High LTE Production
Volumes from “day 1”
 Same stock keeping
units and spare parts
GSM with WCDMA
 No Backplane limits
With Flexi BTS you can efficiently build multiradio sites:

Cross-Technology global ecosystem and volumes
For internal use
New level of energy efficiency for Flexi BTS
• A new level of BTS energy efficiency is set

with new Flexi Multimode RF Module
• 3-sector Flexi Multimode BTS in typical
WCDMA operation will now consume only
430 W
2007
2008
2010
500W
430W
300W
Based on typical base station site configuration & typical traffic load
For internal use
RF Performance
Easier Installation Site
3x60 W
Less wind load and weight
One optical and DC cable to
tower 3 x 60 W
RF Module IP65
IP65 RF Module can be installed close to

antenna for maximal performance:
with DC max 200

 No need for MHAs meters
Multimode
System Module IP65
For internal use
Generic migration scenario: exist. BTS  LTE
Antenna Existing or Existing or Additional Antenna
Panel new new Antenna Panel
multiband multiband Panel
antenna antenna
Tower RF module Tower
Mounted or Remote Mounted
Amplifier Radio Head Amplifier
No MHA
Feeder needed Feeder
Combining
Cable Cable
Flexi RF Module
Combining Flexi System Flexi System
BTS BTS BTS BTS
Flexi RF Module
Flexi System
Migration Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
For internal use

WCDMA  LTE (for installed base: Flexi BTS)
Antenna Existing or Additional

Antenna
Panel new multiband Antenna
Panel
antenna Panel
Tower RF module Tower

Mounted or Remote Mounted
Amplifier Radio Head Amplifier
No MHA
Feeder needed !
Feeder
Cable Cable
Combining
RF Module LTE
LTE System LTE System
Flexi RF Module Flexi RF Module Flexi RF Module
Flexi System Flexi System Flexi System
Flexi WCDMA Flexi WCDMA & Flexi WCDMA &

BTS Flexi Multimode Flexi Multimode
BTS RRH
or RF module
Migration Option 1 Option 2
For internal use

CORE UPGRADE CONCEPTS
For internal use

Simple upgrade to end-to-end LTE/SAE solution
3GPP Rel 8 / LTE/SAE

MME
LTE functionality SAE GW
capable via SW introduced
via SW upgrade on Next
upgrade Generation
Flexi ISN
Internet
Direct tunnel
Flexi SGSN Flexi ISN

Multimode BTS
For internal use

LTE/SAE Operations
For internal use

NetACT : Overall Network Management Solution
One management BTS BTS

system for all
technologies NetACT
BSC
• LTE 2G access
• GSM / EDGE BSS network
• WCDMA RAN
NB NB
• circuit-switched
Circuit-switched
& packet core and IN network
RNC
Multivendor network
3G access MSC GMSC PSTN
integration network
IN
Network and Service
Intranet
Assurance, ISP
eNB eNB
Network Planning SGSN GGSN
Internet
and Configuration,
Administration, etc
LTE aGW Packet-switched
access network
network
For internal use

SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS
For internal use

Spectrum considerations
- case studies: Norway - 2.6 GHz and USA – 700 MHz
UMTS
Major new spectrum assignments ongoing @ 2.6 GHz and 700 MHz
- Norway : 2.6 GHz auction in 11/2007

- US : 700 MHz auction in 03/2008
These auctions can give indication on license scenarios applicable

also to other countries for these bands
For internal use

Norway spectrum auction @ 2.6 GHz
• Open format: no spectrum limitation for any bidder, no technology

specified
• Outcome (11-2007):
– Large FDD-spectrum allocations taken up by largest cellular
incumbants (Telenor, Netcom) ; 2 * 20 MHz paired each ( => LTE )
– Large TDD-spectrum allocation taken up by new entrant Craig
Wireless: 1 * 50 MHz allows to deploy 3/4 * 10 MHz plus guard-bands (
=> WiMAX )
2500 2550 2600 2650
ECC
block
P – Other allocations taken up by various players, some in specific regions
P P
C1 C2 C3
P
C4
P
C5
P
C6
P
C7
P
C8
P P P P
D1 D1 D2 D2
P
D3
P
D3
U
B1
U
B1
U
B2
U
B2
U
B3
U
B3
U
B4
U
B4
U
B5
U
B5
P P P P P P P P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
P
E1
P
E1
Norway P P P P P P P P pu pu pu pu pu pu U U U U U U U U U U P P P P P P P P pu pu
Region 1
2
3
4
5
6
unpaired
- NetCom AS 2x20 MHz paired (almost) nationwide
- Telenor ASA 2x20 MHz paired nationwide paired
- Telenor ASA 2x20 MHz (un)paired nationwide
- Telenor ASA 1x10 MHz unpaired regions 4,6
- Craig Wireless Systems Ltd. 1x50 MHz unpaired nationwide
- Hafslund Telekom AS 10/20 MHz unpaired regions 1,2,4
- Hafslund Telekom AS 2x5 MHz paired region 1 only
- Arctiv Wireless AS 2x10 MHz unpaired regions 3,5,6
na - not assigned 10 MHz unpaired regions 2,3,5
For internal use
existing/planned
WRC-07 results:UHF band + 850/900MHz mobile band plans
UL DL
700MHz 750MHz 800MHz 850MHz 900MHz 950MHz

790 862
Region 1
(EMEA) 880 915 925 960
698 806
716 746 776
Region 2
(US band plan)
698 728 763 793 824 849 869 894
698 790 Identified

at WRC-07
(many)
APAC 824 839 869 884 890 915 935 960
countries 806 862
US-700 MHz auction [03-2008] results:

Verizon acquired 2*11 MHz nationwide license in USA
AT&T acquired 2*6 MHz spectrum in addition to existing spectrum
Qualcomm added 700 MHz spectrum in some regions (East & West-Coast)
64 to their existing spectrum
Presentation / Authorholdings, to expand MediaFLO
For internal use
© Nokia Siemens Networks / Date
Migration steps
For internal use

A head start for network migration towards
LTE/SAE with Nokia Siemens Networks
• HSPA / I-HSPA
Network • Flexi Multimode BTS
migration
• Direct tunnel
• End-to-end LTE/SAE support

LTE/SAE trial
• Tight co-operation with Nokia terminals
• LTE roll-out for coverage and capacity

Commercial launch
• Data centric services
• Volume LTE roll-out with full coverage

Operator service • Gradual migration of cellular voice services
migration to LTE/SAE to LTE
For internal use

“LTE live on Air” in Berlin
20MHz, 2x2 MIMO, multi-user field trial on existing bases station site
MIMO/SIMO eNB site:

HHI building
300 m
DLink
600 m
HHI
HHI Heinrich
Heinrich Herz
Herz Institute
Institute
For internal use 900 m

70
70 ©
© Nokia
Nokia Siemens
Siemens Networks.
Networks All rights reserved.
Presentation / Author / Date
OPERATOR BUSINESS
CASE
For internal use

Key drivers for LTE OBC
Investment
Protection
User experience
Low cost per Mbyte
Scalable bandwidth
For internal use

Long-term evolution starts now !
The Long Term

Evolution starts
now !
Flexi
Multimode
BTS
Traditional
macro BTS
For internal use

Some LTE competitor intelligence
*Ericsson presentation – May 2007

For internal use
Ericsson on LTE-FDD and LTE-TDD performance

For internal use
Ericsson on mobile-broadband roadmap timelines
*Ericsson presentation – March 2008

For internal use
Ericsson Mobile Platforms on LTE devices
Ericsson has announced what it claims is the first LTE-capable mobile

phone platform supporting peak data rates of up to 100Mbps in the
downlink and up to 50Mbps in the uplink.
According to Ericsson, the new M700 platform will be first seen as a
data device for laptop modems, ExpressCards and USB modems for
notebooks, as well as other small-form modems suitable for consumer
electronic devices.
Samples of ASICs will be available during 2008 and commercial release
is set for 2009, with products based on the platform expected in 2010.
Robert Puskaric, head of Ericsson mobile platforms, said that the M700
would support bandwidths between 1.4MHz and 20MHz, as well as
supporting six spectrum bands, including the 700MHz segment.
“This launch reflects our commitment to developing LTE as an evolutionary
path. It is set to boost operators' service offerings and provide consumers
with a superior experience with full service broadband on any device.”
*Ericsson press release – March 2008
For internal use
Huawei announcing LTE products for US market
Huawei first-to-market 700-MHz spectrum solutions
Apr 7, 2008
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. announced that the company's first-to-market network
solutions for 700-MHz spectrum will be available in first quarter of 2009.
Based on the unified base transceiver station (BTS) platform technology, Huawei will
actively provide prominent network solutions for the winners of 700-MHz US auction.
Based on its 3900 series base station platform, Huawei will provide mobile network solutions for
UMTS, CDMA and LTE technologies operating in the 700 MHz spectrum band newly licensed in
the USA. Multiband operation will be supported with concurrent operation in the 700 MHz, 850
MHz, AWS and 1900 MHz spectrum bands in the USA.
Using software-defined radios; the base station portfolio will support dual-mode operation for
CDMA + LTE and UMTS + LTE technologies. This capability will enable operators to carry out
smooth network evolution from UMTS or CDMA to LTE.
Huawei’s base station portfolio includes solutions for green-field and overlay deployment
scenarios, including:
- Zero footprint distributed base station
- Integrated indoor base station
- Integrated outdoor base station
This set of solutions provides customers the capability to address most deployment scenarios
with a time to market and total cost of ownership (TCO) advantage.
*article quoting Huawei press release @ CTIA – April 2008

For internal use
LTE – IPR licensing

For internal use
LTE – IPR licensing terms – Status today
Industry heavyweights agree on LTE licensing terms

Seven mobile industry big-hitters have thrashed out licensing terms for Long
Term Evolution (LTE), the 4G mobile technology.
The licensing framework is designed to provide a fair and transparent method
of dealing with royalty payments for LTE patents with the aim of avoiding the
licensing disputes that have dogged adoption of previous generations of mobile
technology.
The companies involved have agreed to keep royalty levels for what are
deemed the "essential" LTE patents used in compatible handsets below 10%
of the sale price, while the maximum royalty payment in LTE-enabled
notebooks is capped at under US$10.
"The adoption of this initiative will reassure operators of the early widespread
adoption of LTE technology throughout the consumer electronics industry,"
Hakan Eriksson, Ericsson's senior vice president, general manager and chief
technology officer, said in a group statement.
The agreement was drawn up by Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, NEC, NextWave
Wireless, Nokia, Nokia Siemens Networks and Sony Ericsson and the group
has extended an invite for others to join the initiative.
However, one notable absentee is Qualcomm, a major 3G patent holder but a
backer of UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), a rival 4G technology
*GSMA article – April 15, 2008
For internal use
For internal use

LTE Overview: Regional RA Sales Workshops Beijing/Shanghai 21 - 25 April 2008

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LTE Overview

Regional RA Sales Workshops

For internal use

For internal use

Typical operator case:

Advanced terminals HSPA radio networks Internet applications

For internal use

Price per MByte has to be reduced further to remain profitable

900 MHz GSM UMTS

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

For internal use

Improved Radio Principles RF Modulation:

LTE/SAE significantly improves performance

For internal use

For internal use

For internal use

…….. active parties within LSTI

Nokia Siemens Networks drives LSTI.

For internal use

For internal use

Phy ch, Modulation F

For internal use

Access Core Control

• From CS to PS domain (VoIP), split of functions between eNodeB & aGW

Enabling flat broadband architecture

3GPP defined mechanism for seamless interworking

For internal use

For internal use

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 ms

DSL (~20 - 50 ms, depending on operator)

UMTS = 4.2 MHz UMTS

LTE = 1.2 MHz LTE

LTE = 2.8 MHz LTE 3.0

For internal use

• LTE network is applied to provide high speed packet data access

For internal use

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

Modulation UL 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 16QAM2 64QAM

Rx diversity Yes1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

BTS tx diversity 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx

MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4

For internal use

For internal use

Exploit core network synergies

Leverage existing handset base

For internal use

End to end LTE solution

3x60 W Flexi Multimode RF

For internal use

Direct tunnel I-HSPA

SGSN SGSN MME/SGSN SGSN software

For internal use

• Focus on investment protection

• Re-use of site installations optimized

LTE with simple SW upgrade of Flexi Multimode BTS

For internal use

LTE shares same

With Flexi BTS you can efficiently build multiradio sites:

• A new level of BTS energy efficiency is set

IP65 RF Module can be installed close to

with DC max 200