Beyond Syllabus Training on Off

Grid Solar System

Phase-I

Topic:-Estimation of panel capacity, battery

rating, inverter rating, and distribution boards

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Why solar energy?

 Environmental concerns/reduce carbon emissions

 Save money on electric bills
 General interest in new technologies
 Increase in home value

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Preview
 Introduction to power System In India
 Tariff System In India

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 Solar photovoltaics
(solar PV)

A solar PV system generally consists of

photovoltaic modules ("solar panels")
installed as an array (series of panels) on a
rooftop to generate electricity to be used by
the home or business.

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 How a solar PV
array captures the
sun’s rays and
delivers energy to a
home

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 Diagram of stand-alone PV system Diagram of grid-connected photovoltaic
with battery storage powering DC and system
AC loads.

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Solar PV installation overview
 Solar vocabulary
 Issues to consider
 Determining system size
 Costs and benefits

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Solar Cell Output
Solar Cell I-V Characteristic

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Effects of Tilting PV Modules
Maximize energy production by optimizing tilt angle
Seasonal adjustments can further maximize
production capabilities

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Solar vocabulary

 A kilowatt (kW) is an instantaneous measure of power. (1000

watts = 1kw)
 A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of energy
 Equivalent to one kilowatt (1 kW) of power expended for one hour (e.g.
Ten 100 watt light bulbs burning for 1 hour)
 1 kW of PV produces about 1,100 kWh/yr in Western
Washington, 1,300 in Eastern Washington
 Average home uses about 9,000 kWh/yr

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Solar vocabulary, cont.
 Module or Panel is a solar photovoltaic panel.
 Array is a series of solar panels installed together to generate electricity.
 Inverter converts DC electricity to AC electricity.
 Racking connects the solar panels to the roof.
 Production Meter measures the amount of kwh generated by a solar system.
 Production Incentive is money that the State of Govt. will pay for each kwh
generated by solar panels.
 Net Metering is a utility program letting solar homeowners bank unused kwh
for future use.

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Considerations with Solar PV
 Trees or other shade that will fall on the PV array
 Roof considerations: Which direction does your roof face? Is your roof in
good shape? Roof space? Roof tilt?
 Other variables such as structural issues, roof access, other roof uses:
antennas, chimneys, skylights.
 Do you have a Homeowner’s Association? Do they have requirements for
solar installations?
 Utility net-metering policy.

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Determining system size

Your goals for electric bill offset

Roof space available for PV
Roof shading / orientation / pitch
Depends on your budget or your investment goals
Complexity of installation will impact budget

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption

5 Steps to Sizing Rooftop Power Plant

Scoping of the project

Calculating the amount of solar energy available
Surveying the site
Calculating the amount of energy needed
Sizing the solar System

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption

1. Scoping the project

Completely supports your daytime electrical needs Supports

lighting loads Supports critical loads during power cuts
Abates diesel consumption
Provides power for night-time use

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption

2. Calculating the amount of solar energy available

This is expressed in kWh/m2/day. Solar insulation varies widely

from one location to another worldwide.

At crystalline panel efficiencies (which are the kind used in

rooftop systems due to their higher efficiency), we can generate
4 kWh of power per day from a 1 kWp panel.

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption
 3. Surveying the site

Space available – 1 kW of panels would require 100 sq.ft (about

10m2) of shade-free roof area

Orientation – A south-facing roof is ideal for those in the northern

hemisphere. For those in the southern hemisphere , north-facing
roof will be ideal.

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption
4. Calculating the amount of energy needed
Total energy requirement/day (Wh) = Wattage of appliance*No. of appliances*Hours
of working
Appliance Number Wattage Working Hours Energy(kwh/day)

Lights 8 30 8 1.92
Fans 5 50 8 2.00
TV 1 120 4 0.48
computer 1 100 4 0.40
Refrigerator 1 300 12 3.60
Charging point 4 100 3 1.20
Total 9.60

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption
5. Sizing the solar system
Appliance Number Wattage Working Hours Energy(kwh/day)

Lights 5 30 4 0.6
Fans 2 50 4 0.4
computer 1 100 2 0.2
Charging point 2 100 3 0.6
Total 1.8

System size = (Energy Requirement*1.3) /insulation level

= 1.8*1.3/4 = 0.585 or 585 Wp.

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 Estimate Rooftop Power Plant Capacity
According Energy Consumption
Panel size

We calculate the panel requirement for this system size assuming we

are using 130 kWp panels at 12V.

No. of panels = System size/Panel Rating

= 585/130 = 4.5

Therefore the system requires 5 panels of 130 Wp at 12V.

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OFF-GRID Solar System Price List 2019

Capacity Price/Watt Price

1KW 90 90k
2KW 85 170k
3.5KW 80 280k
5KW 75 375k
7.5KW 70 525k
10KW 70 700k

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Solar panel size and weight, residential and commercial panels
Feature Residential Commercial
Solar Cells 60 72
Avg Length(inchs) 65 78
Avg width(inchs) 39 39
Avg depth(inchs) 1.5-2 1.5-2

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Other benefits of Solar PV
 Increased home values
 Longer warranties
 No moving parts
 Low maintenance (Inverter replacement)
 Unlimited resource / free fuel (the sun!)
 Creates local jobs
 Low interest loans are available

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Going ahead with a PV installation

 Get quotes from installers

 Installers will do a site assessment and take care of getting permits, etc.
 Check your utility’s web site for a list of qualified installers in your area

 Loans
 Check your bank or credit union to see if they offer loans

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 Other considerations to stretch your
electricity further
 Reduce power consumption (turn off lights, etc.)

 Keep PV solar system shade free

 Simple maintenance such as hosing off panels once or twice per year; otherwise a
solar PV system should operate effectively

 Should your house be more efficient?

 Check with your local utility for energy efficiency programs (incentives/ rebates/ low
interest loans).
 Efficiency can make solar go further!

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Solar Awareness Program

 
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM)

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Resources
 Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited
www. seci.co.in
 National Renewable Energy Laboratory
www.nrel.gov
 DSIRE (Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency)
www.dsireusa.org

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 THANK YOU

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