What is SET ?

• A set is just a well-defined

collection of objects considered as a A
whole.
• The objects of a set are called
elements or members. The .Malay
definition of a specific set
determines which elements are .Others
members of the set. .Indian
• Sets are conventionally denoted
with capital letters, A, B, C, etc. .
.Chinese
• Example :
• A=Race Of Malaysian citizens
• A={Indian , Malay , Chinese ,
Others}
OPERATION OF SETS
 (Persilangan) INTERSECTION 
One way to combine two sets is to combine all
elements common to both sets, thus forming a new
set. This is called the intersection of sets. Given the
sets A and B we can write the intersection
symbolically, "A ∩ B".
Formally:
x is an element of A ∩ B if and only if
·         x is an element of A and
·         x is an element of B.

AB Keyword : Masam Semua

 Activity - Intersection
Lets say
A = { 2, 3, 5, 8 }
B = { 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 }
AB= ? { 5,8 }

Which element belongs to both sets A and B?

The elements are 5 and 8.

Keyword : Masam Semua
 The intersection of sets in Venn Diagram
Group A Group B
.3
.1 .4
.3
.2 Intersection .6

.1 .4
.3
Intersection
.2 .6

Keyword : Masam Semua

Keyword : Senyum Semua
 Activity - Union

{? 2 , 3, 4 ,5 ,6 ,8 , 10}

The elements are 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 and 10.

 The union of sets in Venn Diagram
Group A Group B
.c
.a .d
.c
.b unite .e

Union
EXAMPLE OPERATION OF SETS
 B

A C

II III IV V VI

Shade the set ( A  B )  C

1. Label each part.

  B

A C

II III IV V VI

2. Identify the shaded region

U
(A B) U C
U
( II, III, IV III, IV, V, VI ) U IV, V
3. Identify the shaded region
U
( II, III, IV III, IV, V, VI ) U IV, V
III, IV U IV, V
III, IV, V

4. Shade the region mark with III, IV, V

U
(A B) U C
 Shade the Region
(a) P  R ' (b) P  Q  R'
Q
Q P
P
R

R
ANSWERS
P  R'

P  Q  R'
 Conclusion
 Set that contains all the Example
Example :: Example
Example :
:
elements in discussion ξ= {x
{x :: xx is
ξ=A=Race isOfan integer
integer and
anMalaysian and 1<x<10}
1<x<10}
citizens
X= Upper form in SMK Sri
 Represent set by using Venn  A={Indian , Malay , Chinese ,
diagrams ξ={2,
ξ={2, 3,.b 4,Andalas
3, 4, 5,
5, 6,
6, 7,
7, 8,
Others} 8, 9}
9}

 Relationship of sets using .c .d

Venn diagrams .a A4 , form 5}
X={form
.e
 The elements and state the n(x)=2
number of elements of a .Malay
set .1 .4
.Others
 The elements of the
intersection of the set .3
.Indian
.Chinese
 The elements of the union of .2 .6
the set
Exercises
 1 x 20
2 x 10
5x4

F 9
 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 E 5
4
8 7
F = 1, 2, 4,5, 10 2
10
6
1
3