GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

A gerund is the –ing from of a verb (e.g.,

speaking, understanding, playing) which is used
as a noun, i.e. As a subject and an object of both
a verb or a preposition.

An infinitive is to + the simple form of a verb

(e.g., to speak, to understand, to play).
 01
(a) Climbing is challenging.
(b) Jogging makes me healthy.

GERUNDS In (a) and (b): climbing and jogging are

gerunds. They are used as the subject of the
sentences.

(c) I enjoy reading novels.

02 (d) He always avoids seeing me.

In (c) and (d): the words reading and seeing
are gerunds which are used as objects of
verbs enjoy and avoid respectively.

(e) I am looking forward to studying overseas.

03 (f) I object to changing my plan.

(g) I talked about not taking this topic.
A gerund is often used as the object of a
preposition
In (e), (f), and (g): to and about are prepositions,
not part of an infinitive form, so a gerund follows.
In (g): for negative form, not precedes a gerund.
 COMMON VERBS
FOLLOWED BY
GERUNDS

enjoy appreciate
mind quit (give up)
finish (get through) stop
avoid postpone (put off)
delay keep (keep on)
consider (think about) discuss (talk about)
mention suggest
COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
VERB + INFINITIVES Some verbs are followed immediately by
(a) I want to buy a new notebook. an infinitive, as in (a) and (b).
(b) I promise not to disturb you. Negative form: not precedes the infinitive.

VERB + (PRO)NOUN + INFINITIVES

(c) Mr Ted allowed me to use his car. Some verbs are followed by a (pro)noun
(d) My teacher always encourages me to and then an infinitive, as in (c) and (d).
study hard.

These verbs are followed immediately by

(e) I was told to be here at nine o’clock. an infinitive when used in the passive, as
(f) The thief was ordered not to move. in (e) and (f).

Ask, expect, would like, want, and need, may or

may not be followed by a (pro)noun object.
(g) I expect to visit my grandma. Compare:
(h) I expect Susan to help me. (i) I think i will pass the exam
(j) I think Susan will help me
A VERB+INFINITIVES B VERB+(PRO)NOUN+INFINITIVES
hope to seem to Tell someone to
plan to appear to Advise someone to
intend to pretend to Encourage someone to
decide to need to Remind someone to
promise to ask to Invite someone to
agree to expect to Permit someone to
offer to would like to Allow someone to
refuse to want to Warn someone to
Require someone to
Order someone to
Force someone to
Want someone to
Ask someone to
Would like someone to
Need someone to
COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVES OR GERUNDS

Some verbs may be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, sometimes with

no difference un meaning and sometimes with a difference in meaning.

GROUP A: VERB+INFINITIVES OR GERUND (WITH NO DIFFERENCE IN MEANING)

begin like hate start love
can’t stand can’t bear continue prefer

(a) It began to rain (c) It started to work

(b) It began raining (d) It started working

GROUP B: VERB+INFINITIVES OR GERUND (WITH A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING)

remember forget regret try stop

(a) Jane always remembers to lock the door In (a) and (c): remember and forget to
(b) Jane remembers seeing the strange man perform responsibillity, dusty, or task.
(c) Kim will never forget to clean his room In (b) and (d): remember and forget
(d) Kim often forgets lending me money something that happened in the past.
Example
from article
GERUNDS INFINITIVES

• that can study writing and find • the structure helps us to

grammar mistakes.
• You can celebrate National
Grammar Day by reading their
weekly series “Everyday
Grammar.”
• the United States are celebrating
National Grammar Day on March
4.
understand each other better.
• Language is something to
celebrate.
• but it’s safe to say it is over a
million.
 Mind mapping
National Grammar Day
on March 4
Martha Brockenbrough
created National
Grammar Day in 2008.
Grammarly is a software
application, or app, that
can study writing and
find grammar mistakes.
The National Grammar Day
website has many
resources for language
learners. You can celebrate
National Grammar Day by
reading their weekly series
“Everyday Grammar.”
In preparation for National
NATIONAL Grammar Day, Grammarly
GRAMMER studied the writing on the
DAY Twitter accounts of the 50
people with the most
followers in the world.
There’re so many ways to
celebrate the day. Ex:
•Read a new blog, book,
magazine or newspaper.
•Learn a new word from
another language.
THANK YOU
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