SITE SELECTION FOR BRIDGES

BRIDGES IN TERMS OF LENGTH

1. Bridge is a structure having a total length of
above 6 meters.

(a) Minor Bridge:- is a bridge having a total

length of upto 60 m.

(b) Major Bridge:- is a bridge having a total

length of above 60 m.

(c)Long Span Bridge:- Bridges having span

length of 150 m or more are classified as long
span bridges.
 Characteristics of an ideal site for
a bridge
• A straight reach of the river.
• Steady river flow without cross currents:
• A narrow channel with firm banks
• Suitable high banks above high flood level on
each side.
• Rock or other hard in erodible strata close to
the river bed level.
 Contd….
• Economical approaches danger of floods, the
approaches should be free from obstacles
such as hills, frequent drainage crossings,
scared places, graveyards or built up areas or
troublesome land acquisition
• Absence of sharp curves in the approaches
• Absence of expensive river training works;
• Avoidance of excessive underwater
construction.
 2. Planning Consideration

Planning of bridge essentially depends on

following:-
(a) Various Technical requirement

(b) Administrative Requirement

(c) Environment

(d) Social Requirement

 3. Planning Strategies
a) Integration with Road Network:-
First step in the planning of bridge project is to ascertain its
location in the link of the road network and function there of.
Bridge should fit into the road link in a seamless manner and
contribute its primary function.
b) Interaction with other Authorities and
Public
It is necessary to interact with authorities and local Public
whose works or authority will be directly or indirectly
affected.
 Dam Construction may affect.
 Link Road to village/town etc.
C)Siting of Bridge:-

i) Ideally be sited across

 the narrowest width of the river channel
 Or where the course of the channel is straight in considerable
length on both up stream and down steam sides of the site.

ii) Banks are stable having no history of being out flanked.

iii) Not to be sited across meandering stretches of river.

Otherwise training of the river by construction of a guide
bund is required.
iv) Following guidelines keeping in mind safety and economy:-

Bridges up to a length of 60 Mtrs:-

Location shall be governed by suitability of alignment of road unless there are
special problems for design/ maintenance of bridge.

Bridge length between 60 Mtrs to 300 Mtrs:-

Suitability of site of the bridge as well as that of the alignment of approaches
govern site selection.

Bridge having length more than 300 Mtrs:-

Requirement of a good site for the bridge shall have precedence and the
alignment of approaches will have to conform to the selected bridge site.

v) For bridges in hilly areas, where road is likely to pass through avalanche
prone, slide prone and sinking area, due considerations must be given before
selection of bridge site.
d) Sequence of operations
The Survey and investigation of bridge project is to be
conducted in a planned manner in the following
sequence:-
i) Map study for Tentative feasible site.
ii) Preliminary survey & Investigation for site
selection.
 Merits/Demerits and cost of alternative sites
are to be considered at this stage. It will include the
bridge, approach and protective works for each
site.
  Report on site selection
 Statement of case for selected site along with
recommendation of Project.

 Data for Alternative Bridge site.

 Comparative study of Alternative sites.

 Topo sheet marked with alternative sites.

 Sketch, map of each site.

 Sketch plan showing rough alignment of the approaches.

iii) Decision on final Bridge site

 The report on site selection is to be considered by the

Chief Engineer of the Project who has give his
approval after inspection of site.

 Report on the site selection and the approval of Chief

Engineer is to be considered by the HQ DGBR (Br
Dte) and acceptance is to be conveyed to the HQ (P)
after their satisfaction of the observations.
 iv) Detailed Engineering of site selected

 Location
 Climatic Data
 Hydrology
 Topography
 Stream/Channel characteristics
 Bed material characteristics
 Details of Proposed Bridge
 Details of Existing Bridge
 Seismic zone
 Contd….
• Available working period
• Availability of construction resources
• Traffic data
• Nearby bridges
 PREPARATION OF GAD/DRAWING AND ESTIMATE
 HQ DGBR (B & T) is to conduct scrutiny of
the data and interact with HQ (P).
 HQ DGBR (B&T) is to prepare tentative
bridge scheme covering the bridge site, type
of structure with span arrangement, location,
type of foundation, deck level, the program of
SSI.
 HQ (P) to confirm feasibility of bridge
scheme.
 HQ DGBR(B&T) to prepare GAD, detailed
drawings for estimate preparation by HQ(P).
 Actions after GAD

• Jobs are to be sanctioned by HQ CE(P) on per meter

basis/previous CA rates.
• Post sanction of Job and receipt of Drawings, actions are
to be taken for procurement of following items:-
• Cement
• Reinforcement bars
• Prestressing Steel
• Achorage items
• Expansion Joint
• Drainage spout
• Crash Barriers
• Other stores e.g. shuttering, staging, admixtures,
nails etc
 TYPES OF BRIDGES AND SPAN RANGE
 BEAM TYPE – 30 M
 BOX GIRDER TPYE - 30 - 60 M

 SIMPLE STEEL TRUSS - 30 - 110 M

CANTILEVER TYPE - 100 - 300 M

EXTREDOSED BRIDGE - 100 - 250 M
 ARCH BRIDGE - UP TO 500 M

CABLE STAYED BRIDGES - 1100 M

 SUSPENTION BRIDGES -
BEAM TYPE BRIDGE
BEAM TYPE PRECAST GIRDER BRS
Sisseri Bridge: simply supported
Box Girder
 Truss : Deck Type

RANGCHANG BRIDGE
 Truss: Through Type

SHONGTHONG BRIDGE
 Balanced Cantilever Type

BRAHMAKUND BRIDGE
CHENAB BRIDGE, J&K
124 M BERIPATTAN BRIDGE (14+96+14)
PASHIGHAT BRIDGE, ARUNACHAL PRADESH
 Cable Stayed Bridge

ATAL SETU (582 M LENGTH)

 IRC CODES FOR ROAD BRIDGES
• IRC:5-2015 GENERAL FEATURES OF DESIGN
• IRC:6-2017LOADS AND STRESSES
• IRC:78-2014 FOUNDATIONS AND SUBSTRUCTURE
• IRC:24-2010 STEEL ROAD BRIDGES (LIMIT STATE)
• IRC:112-2011 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD
BRIDGES (LIMIT STATE)- MADE AFTER AMALGATION
OF IRC-21(PLAIN AND REINORCED CONCRETE) AND IRC-18
(PRESTRESSED CONCRETE)
• IRC:22-2015 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION(LIMIT STATE)
• IRC:83-2015 ROLLER AND ROCKER BEARING
(Part –I)
 IRC CODES FOR ROAD BRIDGES-CONTD.

• IRC:83-2015 ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS

(PART-II)
• IRC:83-2002 POT, POT-CUM-PTFE, PIN AND METALLIC (PART-
III) GUIDED BEARINGS
• IRC:83-2014 SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL BEARING
(PART-IV)
• IRC:SP:13-2004 SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS
• IRC:SP:37-2010 EVALUATION OF LOAD CARRYING
CAPACITY OF BRIDGES
• IRC:SP:51-2015 GUIDELINES FOR LOAD TESTING OF
BRIDGES
 IRC CODES FOR ROAD BRIDGES-COND.
• IRC:SP:65-2005 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF SEGMENTAL BRS
• IRC:SP:71-2016 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND CONST.
OF PRETENTIONED GIRDER BRS
• IRC:SP:74-2007 GUIDELINES FOR REPAIR AND
REHABILITATION OF BRS
• IRC:SP:105-2015 EXPLANATORY HANDBOOK TO IRC:112
• IRC:SP:109-2015 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND CONST.
OF SMALL DIA. PILES FOR ROAD BRS
• IRC: SP:114-2018 GUIDELINES FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF
ROAD BRIDGES
THANKS