A SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON
HYDROELECTRIC & PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANTS

BY

SALMAN BEG
M.Tech. (Civil)
Hydraulics Structures
3rd Semester
11 CEM 034
GG-1589

Z.H.College Of Engg. & Tech.

A.M.U., Aligarh

2012-2013
 HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
 In hydroelectric power plants potential and kinetic energy of stored water
is converted into electric energy .
 For hydro power station,factors like rainfall,steam flow ,available head
and storage facilities are studied.
 25% of electricity generation capacity in world is provided by
hydroelectric power plant.
 4% of the total hydroelectric energy potential in world is in India.

 In India 25.32% of total electricity generation capacity is produced by

hydroelectric power plant.
 It is increasing day by day because of the institutes like National Hydro
Power Corporation Limited(NHPCL).
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The main principle used in this type is; the Potential

and kinetic energy of falling water is converted into electric
energy using turbines.
In general,
Working principle of hydroelectric power
plant
 Falling water is channeled
through a turbine which
converts the water's kinetic
energy into mechanical
power.
 The rotation of the water
turbines is transferred to a
generator which produces
electricity.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
 Depending upon Capacity to generate power:
a) Microhydal plant (upto 5 MW )
b) Medium capacity plant ( 5-100 MW )
c) High capacity plant (100 MW )
d) super plant ( above 100 MW )

 Depending on head:
a) Ultra low head: Below 3 meters
b) Low head : Less than 30 meters
c) Medium head: Between 30 to 75 meters
d) High head : Above 75 meters

 According to availability of water:

a) Run of river plant without pondage
b) Run-off river plant with pondage
c) Storage plant
d) Pump storage plant
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS….
 According to load :
a) Base load plant
b) Peak load plant

 According to place of power house:

a) Surface power house plant
b) Under ground power house plant
BASIC COMPONENTS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
 ADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

a) Renewable source of energy thereby saves scares fuel reserves.

b) Economical source of power.

c) Higher efficiency, 95% to 98%.

d) Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution.

e) Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature.

f) It's renewable - rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the
fuel is almost always there.
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT

a) Longer construction period and high initial cost.

b) Loss of large land due to reservoir.
c) Non-availability of suitable sites for the construction of dam.

d) Environmental aspect : reservoirs verses river ecology.

e) They use up valuable and limited natural resources.
LARGEST HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN INDIA
Baspa-II; India’s Largest Private Hydro Power Plant
Nagarjuna Sagar Power Plant , Andhra Pradesh
 PUMPED - STORAGE POWER PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
 These plants are used when quantity of water available for generation of
power is otherwise insufficient.
 They are a way of storing energy so that we can release it quickly when we
need it.
 A pumped-storage plant has two reservoirs:
• Upper reservoir - Like a conventional hydropower plant, a dam
creates a reservoir.The water in this reservoir flows through the
hydropower plant to create electricity.
• Lower reservoir - Water exiting the hydropower plant flows into a lower
reservoir rather than re-entering the river and flowing downstream.
 The first use of pumped storage was in the 1890s in Italy and Switzerland.
 A new use for pumped storage is to level the fluctuating output of
intermittent power sources
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Water is pumped up to the
upper reservoir at night, when
demand for power across the
country is low.

 When there's a sudden demand

for power, the "headgates"
(huge taps) are opened, and
water rushes down the tunnels
to drive the turbines, which
drive the powerful generators.
 
 The water then collects in the
lower reservoir, ready to be
pumped back up later.
COMPONENTS OF PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANT
ADVANTAGES OF PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANTS
 Without some means of storing energy for quick release, we would be in
trouble.
 Little effect on the landscape.
 No pollution or waste

DISADVANTAGES OF PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANTS

 Expensive to build.
 Once it's used, you can't use it again until you've pumped the water back
up.
WORLDWIDE USE OF PUMPED-STORAGE HYDROELECTRICITY

STATION COUNTRY CAPACITY (MW)

Bath County Pumped Storage Station United States 3,003
Guangdong Pumped Storage Power Station China 2,400
Okutataragi Hydroelectric Power Station Japan 1,932
Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant United States 1,872
Tianhuangping Pumped Storage Power Station China 1,836
SardarSarovar Dam India 1,200
Tehri Pumped Storage Power Station India 1,100
TEHRI PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANT
HOHENWARTE II PUMPED-STORAGE POWER PLANT
CASTAIC PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANT
USACE KINZUA PUMPED STORAGE POWER PLANT
Thank you
For
Attention