UMTS Fundamentals

Overview of UMTS Technology and its Evolution

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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Objectives

After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

• Identify the principles of cellular system

• Identify and list the components in 2G
• Identify the motivation factors for 3G
• Identify the specification process
• Explain GSM and UMTS service concept

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Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

• There are three different generations as far as mobile

communication is concerned as discussed below:
• First Generation (1G)
• Second Generation (2G)
• Third Generation (3G)

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Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

First Steps & First Generation (1G)

• Following figure describes the First Generation
Communication System:

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Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

Second Generation (2G) Mobile Systems

• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM):
• The GSM radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission and
FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.
• Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS):
• The D-AMPS radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission
and FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.
• Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) / Personal Digital Cellular
(PDC):
• The PDC radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission and
FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.

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Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

Third Generation (3G)

• The third generation, 3G, is expected to complete the
globalization process of the mobile communication.
• The 3G system UMTS is mostly be based on GSM technical
solutions due to two reasons:
• Firstly, the GSM as technology dominates the market.
• Secondly, investments made to GSM should be utilised as much
as possible.

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3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for
UMTS
• UMTS Development:
• GSM was to be further evolved in the GSM Phase 2+ in such a
manner that its capabilities progressed toward UMTS.
• The GSM network and protocol structures were developed so
that they can be used as a platform not only for high level GSM
services, but also for UMTS.
• The introduction of dual and multimode terminals is of great
importance.

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3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for
UMTS
• Mobile Communication Market: Medium and Long Term
Forecasts:
• The mobile communications market will continue to grow in the
first decade of the 21st century and beyond.
• It is generally expected that the number of mobile
communications subscribers will exceed those in fixed networks
in the next years.
• About 2.7 billion subscribers are predicted for the mobile
communications market by the year 2015 according to the
UMTS Forum Report #1.

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3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for
UMTS
• 3G end-to-end IP Solutions:
• The following diagram illustrates the use of IP for the network
traffic:

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3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for
UMTS
• Organization involved in Specification Process for UMTS:
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T)
• European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)
• Alliance of Radio Industries and Business (ARIB)
• American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

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Evolution of UMTS Technology

• The following figure illustrates GSM and UMTS Evolution:

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Evolution of UMTS Technology

• Data Transmission Evolution:

• In Phases 1 and 2, GSM allows data transfers at 0.3 to 9.6
Kbit/s.
• In Phase 2+ HSCSD, GPRS, and EDGE are introduced to
enhance the data transmission capabilities.

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Existing GSM and UMTS Service Concept

User Services:
• Following are the some of the examples:
• E-mail.
• Telecommuting.
• Multimedia messaging.
• Improved quality of service.
• Support for video and audio clips.
• Wireless personal Internet-information anywhere at anytime.

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Existing GSM and UMTS Service Concept

GSM Service Support in UMTS:

• The Tele Services TS, Bearer Services BS and
Supplementary Services SS of GSM Phase 2+ are defined,
supported and enhanced in and for UMTS (TS 22.004).
• Demands on market differs much more on a global market
and standardization in 3GPP will not be fast and flexible
enough to satisfy changing regional market demand and
follow all technical changes.

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Existing GSM and UMTS Service Concept

Flexible Service Creation:

• The (GSM/UMTS) network offers service elements, which are
used by applications.
• The applications form the value added for the subscriber (see
also Next Generation Network Group).
• A set of services have been made available by UMTS.

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DTV and Music

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Electronic Programming Guide

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Gaming on Demand

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4G Candidate

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WiMAX Standards and Standards Group

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 The way to LTE: 3 main 3G Drawbacks

1.- The maximum bit rates still are factor 20 and more behind the current
state of the art systems like 802.11n and 802.16e/m. Even the support for
higher mobility levels is not an excuse for this.

2.- The latency of user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) and of resource
assignment procedures (UMTS: >100 ms) is too big to handle traffic with
high bit rate variance efficiently.

3.- The terminal complexity for WCDMA or MC-CDMA systems is quite high,
making equipment expensive, resulting in poor performing implementations
of receivers and inhibiting the implementation of other performance
enhancements like MIMO for a lot of equipment.

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The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP
driven initiative
• LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020
and beyond.
• It shall especially compete with WIMAX
802.16e/m
• It must keep the support for high and highest
mobility users like in GSM/UMTS networks
• The architectural changes are big compared to
UMTS
• LTE shall be ready for commercial launch around
2010.

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 What are the LTE challenges?
The challenge

The Users’ expectation… ..leads to the operator’s challenges

• Best price, transparent flat rate • reduce cost per bit

• Full Internet • provide high data rate
• Click-bang responsiveness • provide low latency
Devices & applications drive Reduction of network cost is
traffic growth necessary to remain profitable
Revenues and Traffic
decoupled
Traffic

Traffic volume
Revenue

€/bit
Profitability

Network
cost
Voice dominated Data dominated

Time
Source: Light Reading (adapted)

LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
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 LTE = Long Term Evolution

• Next step for

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA A true global roaming technology
and CDMA
• Peak data rates of
173 Mbps/58 Mbps
Enhanced consumer experience
• Low latency 10-20
ms

• Scalable bandwidth Easy to introduce on any

of 1.4 – 20 MHz frequency band

• OFDM technology
Decreased cost / GB
• Flat, scalable IP based
architecture
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History and Future of Wireless

1990 2000 2005 2010

mobility
time

HSDPA/EUL SAE(LTE)
WCDMA/cdma2000
HIGH GSM/IS95 3G Enhancement 3G Evolution
3G
AMPS 2G
1G

802.16a/d 802.16e
LOW

802.11 802.11a/b/g 802.11n

data rates

< 200 kbps < 1 Mbps < 10 Mbps < 50 Mbps < 100 Mbps < 1 Gbps

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Networks Architecture Evolution

HSPA Direct tunnel I-HSPA LTE

HSPA R6 HSPA R7 HSPA R7 LTE R8

GGSN GGSN GGSN SAE GW

SGSN SGSN SGSN MME/SGSN

RNC RNC

Node B Evolved
Node B Node B +
(NB) Node B
(NB) RNC (eNB)
Functionality

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