II UNIT

Arrays in ‘C’
 ARRA
YS
 Introducing Arrays
 Declaring Array Variables, Creating
Arrays, and Initializing Arrays
 Passing Arrays to Methods
 Copying Arrays
 Multidimensional Arrays
 Search and Sorting Methods

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 INTRODUCING
ARRAYS
Array is a data structure that represents a collection of the
same types of data.

int num[10];

num reference num [0]

num [1]
num [2] An Array of 10
num [3]
Elements
num [4]
num [5]
of type int
num [6]
num [7]
num [8]
num [9]

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 DECLARING ARRAY
VARIABLES
datatype arrayname[index];
Example:
int list[10];
char num[15];
float hat[20];
 CREATING
ARRAYS
datatype array-name[size];

Example:
int num[10];

num[0] references the first element in the array.

num[9] references the last element in the array.

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 DECLARING AND CREATING
IN ONE STEP
 datatype arrayname[arraySize]=
{values seperated by comma};
Example :

char c[5] = {‘a’,’F’,’4’,’’=‘,’n’};

int i[4] = {12,15,0,2};

 THE LENGTH OF
ARRAYS
Once an array is created, its size is fixed. It
cannot be changed.

For example,
int arr[10];
You can not insert any number to arr[11]
location because it is not initialized.

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 INITIALIZING
ARRAYS
Declaring, creating, initializing in one step:
float hat[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand syntax must be in one

statement.

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 DECLARING, CREATING,
INITIALIZING USING
THE SHORTHAND
NOTATION
float list[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand notation is equivalent to

the following statements:
float list[4];
list[0] = 1.9;
list[1] = 2.9;
list[2] = 3.4;
list[3] = 3.5;

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 CAUTIO
N

Using the shorthand notation, you have to declare,

create, and initialize the array all in one statement.
Splitting it would cause a syntax error. For example,
the following is wrong:

float list;

list = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

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 Example: Copying Arrays
The program simply creates two
arrays and attempts to copy one to the
other, using an assignment
statement.

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 COPYING
ARRAYS
Before the assignment After the assignment
list2 = list1; list2 = list1;

list1 list1
Contents Contents
of list1 of list1

list2 Contents list2 Contents

of list2 of list2
Garbage

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 COPYING
ARRAYS
With direct assignment:

int array1[5] = {2, 3, 1, 5, 10};

int array2[5];

array2 = array1;

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 MULTIDIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS
Declaring Variables of Multidimensional Arrays and
Creating Multidimensional Arrays

int matrix[10][10];

for (i=0; i<10; i++)

for (j=0; j<10; j+
+)
{
matrix[i][j] = i
* j;
}

float mat[5][5]; 14
 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY
ILLUSTRATION
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 3

4 5 6
1 1 1
2 2 7 2 7 8 9

10 11 12
3 3 3
4 4 int[][] array ={
{1, 2, 3},
int matrix[5][5]; matrix[2][1] = 7 {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}};

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You can also use a shorthand notation to declare, create and
SHORTHAND NOTATIONS
initialize a two-dimensional array. For example,
int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}
};
This is equivalent to the following statements:
array[0][0] = 1; array[0][1] = 2; array[0][2] = 3;
array[1][0] = 4; array[1][1] = 5; array[1][2] = 6;
array[2][0] = 7; array[2][1] = 8; array[2][2] = 9;
array[3][0] = 10; array[3][1] = 11; array[3][2] = 12;
 RAGGED
ARRAYS
Each row in a two-dimensional array is
itself an array. So, the rows can
have different lengths. Such an array
is known as a ragged array. For
example,
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{2, 3, 4, 5},
{3, 4, 5},
{4, 5},
{5}
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 EXERCISE :
BUBBLE SORT
int i[] = {2, 9, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6}; //
Unsorted
Pass 1: 2, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6, 9
Pass 2: 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 8, 9
Pass 3: 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 4: 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 5: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 6: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
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