 Rizal was accused of 3

crimes:rebellion, sedition and

illegal associations.
 The First Investigation
November 20, 1896
• the preliminary investigation on Rizal
began
• Rizal as the accused appeared before
Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco
Olive.
• He was subjected to a 5 day
investigation.
• Rizal was informed about his charges
and was given the chance to answer the
questions they have on him though he
was never permitted to confront
those people who testified against him.
The First Investigation
November 20, 1896
•2 evidences were presented
against Rizal:
- 1. Documentary
- 2. Testimonial
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
- includes letters which allegedly
implicate Rizal in the
Propaganda Movement, several
transcripts of speech wherein his
name was used by the Katipunan,
as well as several of his poems
which were highly nationalistic in
nature.
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
1.A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce, dated
Madrid, October16,1888, showing Rizal’s
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in
Spain.
2.A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid,
August 20,1890, stating that the deportations are
good for they will encourage the people to
hate tyranny.
3.A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to
Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the propaganda movement
campaign in Spain.
4.A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by
Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891
5.A letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, dated Barcelona, September 18, 1891,
describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines
from Spanish oppression.
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
6.A Masonic lodge document, dated Manila,
February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic
services
7.A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal’s pseudonym)
to Tenlunz(Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated
Hongkong, May24,1892,stating that he was
preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may
persecuted by the Spanish authorities
8.
A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified
committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892,
soliciting the aid of the committee in the “patriotic
work”
9.An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor
of Hongkong Telegraph, ensuring the banishment
of Rizal to Dapitan.
10.
A letter from Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated
Manila, September3,1892, saying that the
Filipino people look up to him (Rizal) as their
savior
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
11.
A letter from Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, informing an
unidentified correspondent of the arrest and the
banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
12.A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A.
Tenluz, dated Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending the
establishment of a special organization to help the
cause of the Filipino people.
13.
Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a
reunion to the Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in
which thefollowing cry uttered “Long Live the
Philippines! Long LiveLiberty! Long live Doctor Rizal!
Unity!”
14. Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano
Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion, where in they
shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to
the oppressor nation!”
15. A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay in
which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that
they know how to fight for their rights
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Testimonial Evidences:
1. Martin Constantino
2. Aguedo del Rosario
3. Jose Reyes
4. MoisesSalvador
5. Jose Dizon
6. DomingoFranco
7. Deodato Arellano
8. Ambrosio Salvador
9. Pedro Serrano Laktaw
10. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
11. Antonio Salazar
12. Francisco Quison
13. Temoteo Paez
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
November 26. 1896
- after the preliminary
investigation,Colonel Olive
transmitted the records of the
case to Governor Dominguez as
special Judge Advocate to
institute the corresponding action
against Rizal
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Capt. Rafael Dominguez
- as special Judge advocate to
institute the corresponding action.
He made a brief resume of the
charges and returned the papers to
the Governor General, who there
upon transmitted them to the Judge
Advocate, General Don Nicholas
de la Peña, for an opinion.
Rizal’s Kangaroo Trial : The
Preliminary Investigation
Don Nicolas de la Pena
- After studying the papers, he submitted the
following recommendations:
(1) The accused be immediately brought to
trial
(2) He should be kept in prison
(3) An order of attachment be issued against
his property to the amount of one million
pesos as indemnity
(4) He should be defended in court by an
army officer, not by a civilian lawyer
 The ONLY RIGHT
given to Rizal by the
Spanish authorities
was to choose his
defense counsel.
 Charges against Rizal(December 11, 1896)

• He does not question the jurisdiction of the

court.
• He has nothing to amend except that during his
exile in Dapitan, he had not dealt in any
political matters.
• He has nothing to admit on the charges against
him.
• He had nothing to admit on the declarations of
the witnesses, he had not met nor knew,
against them.
The Prosecution
December 8, 1896
1• 00 first and second lieutenants
in the Spanish Army was
presented to Rizal.
• Rizal chose Lt. Taviel de
Andrade be his defense, he was
the brother of Jose Taviel de
Andrade, Rizal’s previous
“bodyguard” in Calamba in 1887
The Prosecution
December 11, 1896
• the information of charges was
formally read to Rizal in his
prison cell, with his counsel
present
The Prosecution
Charges to the Accused:
“• the principal organizer and
the living soul of the Filipino
insurrection, the founder of
societies, periodicals, and
books dedicated to fomenting
and propagating ideas of
rebellion.”
 Dr. Jose Rizal
pleaded NOT
GUILTY to the
crime of rebellion
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896
• Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His
People in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago, appealing to them to
stop the necessary shedding of
blood and to inform the people
that he condemned the rebellion
because he wanted their liberties
to be attained through education
and industry
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896

- was not published because it did

not condemn the rebellion in
its totality but only in two aspects:
Participation and preparation.
lack of
 The Prosecution
December 25, 1896
• a dark and cheerless Christmas
for Rizal, his last on earth, was
the saddest in Rizal’s life

December 26, 1896

• at 8:00am, the court-martial of
Rizal started in the military
building called Cuartel de
Espana
 The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
• If pardoned, permanent
disqualification and subjection to
surveillance of authority,
indemnity of 20,000 pesos.
• De Andrade in defense, delivered
an
impressive speech and claimed
that the guilt of Rizal has not been
legally established. Rizal
supplemented his defender’s
points in detail.
 The Prosecution
Rizal read his own defense which he wrote in
his cell in Fort Santiago. According to Rizal,
there are twelve points to prove his
innocence:
1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was
against rebellion
2. He had not written a letter addressed to
the Katipunan comprising revolutionary
elements
3. Without his knowledge, his name was
used by the Katipunan; if he really was
guilty, he could have escaped while he
was in Singapore
 The Prosecution
4. If he was guilty, he should have left the
country while in exile; he shouldn't have
built a home, bought a parcel of land or
established a hospital in Dapitan.
5. If he was really the leader of the
revolution, the revolutionists should have
consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws
of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things
clear, the organization was
a civic association, not a revolutionary
society.
 The Prosecution
7. After the first meeting of La Liga, the
association was displaced because of his
exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
8. If the La Liga was reorganized nine
months later, he had no idea about it
9. If the La Liga had a revolutionary
purpose, then Katipunan should not have
been organized.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters
having bitter atmosphere, it was because
in 1890 his family was being persecuted
resulting to their dispossession of
properties and deportation of all his
brothers-in-law.
 The Prosecution
11. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan -
the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests in the province could
attest to that.
12. If according to witnesses the speech he
delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house
had inspired the revolution, then he
wanted to confront these persons. If he
really was for the revolution, then why did
the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary
to him in Dapitan? It is so because all his
friends were aware that he never
advocated violence.
 TRIAL PROPER

• The trial was opened by

Judge Advocate Dominguez
• Prosecuting Atty. Alcocer
delivered a speech
 The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
Lt. Col. Togores Arjona
- considered the trial over and
ordered the hall cleared. After a
short deliberation, the military court
unanimously voted for the sentence
of death.

(afternoon) Death sentence was passed

with the same condition except that
indemnity was raised to 100,000pesos
 The Prosecution
December 28, 1896
Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
- The decision was submitted to Gov.
Polavieja who immediately sought
the opinion of Nicolas de la Peña -
the latter found the verdict just and
final.
- approved the decision of the court-
martial and ordered Rizal to be shot
at 7:00 in the morning of December
30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)
DECEMBER 28, 1896

• Two days later, the

governor signed the
court decision and
ordered Rizal's
execution.