PEC – 2

Readiness of Engineering Students towards

E- Learning courses offered by Digital shark
technology in South India.

BY:
PRATHIMA K J (PES1201802506)
INTERNAL GUIDE : Prof JESSY NAIR
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub

This Study mainly focuses on distance The key takeaway from this paper
learners enrolled in various programs is to use Unified theory of
Amit Kumar
of IGNOU in the state of Uttar acceptance and use of technology
 An Assessment Srivastava and
Pradesh and about their readiness (UTAUT) in my study and consider
of the Distance Bhanu Pratap
and acceptance of the E-learning factors such as performance
Learners Global Journal Singh
programs. expectancy(usefulness,
Acceptance and of Enterprise Indira Gandhi
Dec Vol-9 This study is based on Unified theory interactivity, flexibility), Effort
 1) Readiness for e- Information National Open 12 
2017 Issue-4  of Acceptance and use of expectancy(Ease of learning &
Learning in the System University
technology(UTAUT) and finally it is ease of use, self efficacy), social
State of Uttar   (IGNOU)
found out that the IGNOU learners influence( subjective norms,
Pradesh (India) Regional Centre,
who are enrolled for various image), Facilitating( ICT
Uttar Pradesh,
programs has shown their strong E- Infrastructure, institutional
India  
Readiness towards the various policies, training & technical
parameters measured. support) 

A Study on the The takeaway from this study is

This study is about the readiness of
Relationship that one way anova has to be
the students to e-learning process. It
Between used for demographic factors in
analyzes the levels of awareness of
Demographic B. Naresh, Dr. D. comparison with different
 Sona Global the student, degree of acceptance
Factor and e- Bhanu Sree parameters like awareness,
Management Aug Vol-10 and technology adoption of the
2)  Learning Reddy, Dr. Uma 12  acceptance and technology
Review 2016  Issue-4   students wrt to various demographic
Readiness Pricilda from adoption.
factors. Finally it was found out that
among Students VITBS  This research paper doesn’t
there is a significant difference based
in Higher include factors like behaviour,
on demographic variables towards e-
Education attitude and social dimension,
learning readiness
  infrastructure and institutions. 
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub
Barbara J. Dray,
Patrick R. This paper mainly focuses on students
Developing an
Lowenthal, self-accessing readiness for online
instrument to This paper helped me in grab
Melissa J. learning. This survey consists of two
assess student some questions related to learner
Distance Miszkiewicz, May Vol-32 scales that is learner characteristics
3) readiness for 20 characteristics and technological
Education Maria Araceli 2011 Issue-1 and technology capabilities. Four
online learning: capabilities while designing my
Ruiz-Primo and factors were assessed in this study
a validation questionnaires
Kelly that is mental, material, skill, and
study
Marczynskid usage access.

This paper provides insight into some

Towards
critical success factors to consider for
Ensuring a This paper specifies the benefits
enhancing first year students
Successful E- of E-learning and provides the
participation in the use of e-learning.
learning Int'l Conf. Munienge different critical success factors
eight categories of critical success
Implementation: e-Learning, Mbodila and that has to be considered and
4) 2018 5 factors are institutional Factors,
A Proposed e-Bus., EIS, and Muhandji provides a proposed Model for
management Factors, Technological
Model for e-Gov. Mbodila Enhancing First Year Students’
Factors, Ethical Factors; Evaluation
Enhancing First Participation
Factors; Resources Factors; and as
year students
well as Social Interactive Factors
participation
Students
In this paper questionnaires are
Readiness for E-
Conference designed readiness for E-learning, This paper specifies five main
Learning: An
Paper  in  Com acceptance for E-learning and components for E-learning
Assessment on Yurdagül Ünal,
munications in Jan Training for E-learning, This study has readiness that is availability of
5) Hacettepe Gülten Alır, 11
Computer and 2014 also considered if there is any technology, use of technology,
University and İrem
Information difference in demographic factors for self confidence, acceptance level
Department of
Science accepting/rejecting E-learning and training needs .
Information
courses
Management
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub

This paper helped me understand

This paper mainly focuses on E- the different factors that affect E-
Measuring
learning readiness in companies of learning Readiness such as
Readiness for e-
Educational Cengiz Hakan emerging countries like turkey. This technology, innovation, people,
Learning: Jan Vol-32
6) Technology & Aydın, Deniz 15 study mainly focuses of demographic self development, resources,
Reflections from 2005 Issue-1
Society Tasci factors of managers affecting E- skills, and attitudes, Likert scale
an Emerging
learning readiness. The data here is was used to measure the factors.
Country
collected from the managers. Cronbach alpha reliability test
was conducted.

Investigating the This paper helped me in writing

interrelation the Alternative hypothesis. This
This paper mainly considers learners
betweenattitude study says that the attitude
readiness, attitudes and learning
s,learningreadin towards e-learning depends on
BEHAVIOUR & styles for acceptance/rejection of
ess,andlearning July Vol-35 academic background and gender
7) INFORMATION R. K. Jena 13 virtual learning. Convenience
styles under 2016 Issue-11 The factors considered in this
TECHNOLOGY sampling method is adopted in this
virtual learning study are self efficacy, self
study.
environment: a directed learning, learning
study among motivation.
Indian students
This paper helped me in
Are Turkish This study is done to determine E-
designing my questionnaires by
universities learning readiness of academic staff
providing the factors for
ready for e- in turkey. The different factors
Yurdagül Ünal, readiness like people, technology,
learning: A case Information considered in this study are readiness
8) Gülten Alır, 2011 12 content, institutions. For
of Hacettepe Services & Use factors, acceptance and training
and İrem acceptance perceived ease of use
University factors.Chi square test is conducted
and usefulness, for training
Faculty of for difference among gender, age and
learners, teachers, facility and
Letters e-learning readiness.
personal.
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub

The Impacts of
System and This study illuminates the unique
Decision Khaled A. This paper helped me understand
Human Factors contributions of human factors
Sciences Alshare, Ronald the different human factors that
on Online Sept Vol-9 (comfort with online learning, self-
9) Journal of D. Freeze, Peggy 26 affect E-learning Readiness such
Learning 2011 Issue-3 management of learning, and
Innovative L. Lane, and H. as comfort level, self
Systems Use and perceived Web self-efficacy)to online
Education Joseph Wen management, self Efficacy.
Learner learning.
Satisfaction

An e-learning
approach to In this paper E-learning readiness is This papers talks about enhancing
secondary Information Khitam measured by usefulness, self efficacy the learning with the help of E-
July Vol-16
10) education in Technology for Shraima∗ and 16 Willingness and challenges.This study learning platforms which I have
2010 Issue-3
Palestine: Development Zuheir Khlaifb was done for both students as well as considered while designing
opportunities teachers. questionnaires
and challenges

A Review of
Benefits and This paper mentions the benefits and
Limitations of limitations of E-learning. And this This paper mentions the benefits
Online Learning paper is written in consideration of and limitations of asynchronous
International Jl. SUBHASHNIAPPA
11) in the Context of 2008 Vol-5 19 students, instructor as well as tenure classes as well as synchronous
on E-Learning NA
the Student, the faculty. classes
Instructor, and
the Tenured
Faculty
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub
Independent variables that
significantly affected student
ratings of these barrier factors
The eight barriers found were (a)
included: gender, age, ethnicity,
Student Barriers administrative issues, (b) social
type of learning institution, self-
to Online Lin Y. Muilenburg interaction, (c) academic skills, (d)
Distance May Vol-26 rating of online learning skills,
12) Learning: A and Zane L. 20 technical skills, (e) learner motivation,
Education 2005 Issue-1 effectiveness of learning online,
factor analytic Berge (f) time and support for studies, (g)
online learning enjoyment,
study cost and access to the Internet, and
prejudicial treatment in
(h) technical problems.
traditional classes, and the
number of online courses
completed.
Performance-driven benefits
include elements such as
Silvia Bartolic-
Benefit and limitation factors student/instructor satisfaction,
Zlomislic
Investing in On- assessed included performance- learning outcomes, and return on
CANADIAN (University of
line Learning: driven benefits, value-driven benefits, investment. Value-driven benefits
JOURNAL OF British Columbia) Vol-24
13) Potential 1999 8 and societal or "value-added" include increased access,
COMMUNICATI A.W. (Tony) Issue-3
Benefits and benefits. This paper also explains the flexibility, and ease of use. Value-
ON Bates (University
Limitations education benefits of starting us E- added benefits include aspects
of British
learning such as reduced traffic to campus
Columbia)
and the potential for new
markets.

This paper mentions the different

SSARSC Dr. M. Natarajan Supportive issues-Environment,
EVALUATION methods of E-Learning such as open
International Senior Principal Trends, Ethical issues,
METHODS FOR Educational Resources, and also talks
Journal of Scientist Ex- Vol-1 personalization, social issues-self
14) E-LEARNING: 2015 14 about the different issues of E-
Library and Head, Education Issue-1 efficacy, experience, Technical
AN ANALYTICAL learning platforms like supportive
Information & Training, issues-ease to use, security, user
STUDY issues, social and technical issues
Science NISCAIR friendly
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub

Overall students who are more

technology ready do place higher
TechnologyRead The focus on how technology utility on enrolling in mixed
Decision Bo van der Rhee,
iness,LearningG readiness classes, but that learning-goal
Sciences Rohit Verma,
oals, and Jan Vol-5 and learning-goal orientation orientation does not influence
15) Journal of Gerhard R. 24
eLearning: 2007 Issue-1 influence students’ preference this decision.
Innovative Plaschka, Jill R.
Searching for toward these mixed classes. *Implications and
Education Kickul
Synergy recommendations for business
schools that are interested in
offering mixed classes.

stratified random sampling

method to gauge students’ needs
In this paper Findings highlighted that
E-Learning on learning eLearning
in the ranking of needs for learning
Needs The Malaysian components. . t- Test revealed a
Hamid of e-learning components, Internet
Assessment Online Journal Vol-2 non-significant association
16) Mohammad 8 tools and video streaming ranked on
among Students of Educational Issue-1 between gender and needs to
Azimi the highest level also instructional
in the Colleges Technology learning e-learning components.
theories and mobile technology
of Education One Way ANOVA test showed
graded as the lowest one.
there is no significant difference
among type of colleges

Debra R. Comer, Different factors considered for

Janet A. Students anonymously completed precourse are capability, self-
Factors That
Lenaghan, and two surveys, one before starting their discipline, active learning, overall
Affect Students’ JOURNAL OF
Kaushik course and the other after completing learning orientation. Post course
17) Capacity to Full EDUCATION 2015 12
Sengupta Hofstra the course. Questionnaires were the different factors considered
the Role of FOR BUSINESS
University, designed on various aspects of the are learning, course discussion,
Online Learner
Hempstead, New course course material, course
York, USA workload.
 Review of Literature
Name of the Year of
Sl. No Title of Paper Author Issue/Vol Page No Brief of the Paper Takeaway
Journal Pub
1. Course challenges: Research
The research found 30 specific concerned with content, design
challenges which were grouped into and delivery of courses; 2.
A CONCEPTUAL Annika four categories, viz.: courses, Challenges pertinent to
FRAMEWORK Andersson and individuals, technology and context. individuals’ characteristics,
FOR E-LEARNING Åke Grönlund
conclusion is that these challenges students as well as teachers; 3.
IN DEVELOPING Dept. of
are equally valid for both developed Technological challenges:
18) COUNTRIES: A EJISDC Informatics, 16
2009 and developing countries; however in Research concerned with
CRITICAL Swedish Business
REVIEW OF School Örebro developing countries more papers infrastructure, costs, usability and
RESEARCH University, focus on access to technology and appropriateness of technology;
context whereas in developed 4. Contextual challenges:
CHALLENGES Sweden
countries more papers concern Research concerned with
individuals. organisational, cultural and
societal challenges. .
Comparative
SCOTT D. This empirical study compared a
analysis of Perceptions of Course
JOHNSON, graduate online course with an
learners Interaction, Structure, and
JI. Of STEVEN R. equivalent course taught in a
satisfaction and Support-Student and instructor
interactive ARAGON, Vol-11 traditional face-to-face format.
19) learning 2000 21 interactions, Course structure,
learning NAJMUDDIN Issue-1 The findings have direct implications
outcomes in Instructor support, Departmental
research SHAIK, AND for the creation, development, and
online and face support
NILDA PALMA- delivery of online instruction.
to face learning
RIVAS
Environments
This study investigates Indian Measure the awareness of
ASSESSING
students’ readiness to adopt mobile Indian Students about M learning
INDIAN bhagyalakshmi
services for learning and their Understand the perception,
STUDENTS’ Venkatesh,
perceptions about M-learning. A willingness of the Indian Students
Perceptions Rajendra
20) 6 reasonable level of readiness to to adopt M-learning as an
TOWARDS m- nargundkar,
adopt this mobile technology-based educational tool. R4. Verify if
LEARNING- Feroz k sayed,
service was found along with a few demographic differences exist
Some INITIAL shahaida P.
barriers to the acceptance of mobile with respect to interest in the M-
conclusions
learning. Learning
 Research gap
 Most of the studies on E-Learning Readiness concentrated only on Higher
secondary education & management streams but not on other science and
technology streams.
 Most of the Studies on E-learning Readiness concentrated on theoretical learning
but not on practical hands on technical learning.
 There is no research that focused on understanding the willingness of students to
take up E-learning courses during lockdown conditions (COVID 19).
 Objectives of the study
 To understand the level of willingness of Engineering students to take up
E-learning programs.
 To understand the effect of various factors like performance Criterion, Efforts
Criterion, Social Criterion, Facilitating Environment on willingness of
Engineering students to take up E-learning programs.
 To determine if there is any differences among students with regards to their
gender, year of study, Specialization & Number of E-learning courses
completed in accepting/rejecting E-learning programs.
 Questionnaire Design
Questionnaires are Designed based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of
Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh, etal.2003)
The Major factors taken into consideration Regarding E-Learning Readiness are:
Performance Expectancy- Usefulness, Interactivity, Flexibility
Effort Expectancy- Ease of Learning, Ease of use, Self Efficacy
Social Influence- Subjective norms, image
Facilitating- ICT Infrastructure , Institutional policies, Training and Technical
Support`

Questionnaires
 Hypothesis
 H0- There is no relationship between gender and willingness of taking up
E-Learning Courses.
 H1- Performance Expectancy has a significant positive effect on taking up E-
Learning Courses
 H2- Effort Expectancy has a significant positive effect on taking up E-Learning
Courses.
 H3- Social Influence has a significant positive effect on taking up E-Learning
Courses.`
 H4- Facilitating Environment has a significant positive effect on taking up
E-Learning Courses.`
 Reliability Test
Corrected Item- Cronbach's
Scale Mean if Scale Variance if Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted

Scale: ALL VARIABLES Performance Expectancy 1 77.85 164.855 .164 .909

Performance Expectancy 2 77.69 158.302 .511 .904

Case Processing Summary Performance Expectancy 3 77.96 154.838 .712 .901

Performance Expectancy 4 77.42 157.614 .325 .909

    N % Performance Expectancy 5 78.23 161.385 .493 .905

Cases Valid 26 100.0 Effort Expectancy1 78.15 165.495 .230 .908

Effort Expectancy2 77.85 161.095 .475 .905
Excludeda 0 .0
Facility5 77.04 148.118 .750 .898
Total 26 100.0 Covid19-1 77.73 160.125 .352 .907
Covid19-2 77.42 150.174 .654 .901
Covid19-3 77.50 152.820 .620 .902
Covid19-4 77.50 150.180 .735 .899
DV1 78.12 162.106 .377 .906
Reliability Statistics DV2 78.19 163.922 .359 .906
DV3 77.92 160.154 .394 .906
Social Influence5 77.15 153.975 .477 .905
Cronbach's N of
Facility4 77.08 150.554 .678 .900
Alpha Items
Facility1 77.38 147.766 .742 .899
.907 27 Facility3 77.27 151.405 .686 .900
Facility2 77.58 153.774 .722 .900
Effort Expectancy3 77.77 160.105 .579 .904
Social Influence4 77.00 162.880 .150 .913
Social Influence3 77.27 151.245 .587 .902
Social Influence2 77.23 152.825 .591 .902
Effort Expectancy5 77.77 164.905 .188 .909
Social Influence1 77.62 157.686 .638 .902
Effort Expectancy4 77.31 161.342 .280 .908
 Data Analysis & Interpretation
 The Study is planned to be analysed by using SPSS as the tool used to analyse
and interpret the findings.
 Chi square test will be used to analyse.
 Because chi square tests are used to test the hypothesis that two categorical
variables are independent of each other.