Sei sulla pagina 1di 23

ME F244

Dynamics
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

ME F244
Inertia force Analysis
of
Slider Crank Mechanism
Dynamic Analysis

 Dynamic analysis of sliding element mechanisms like


single-cylinder I.C engine is done analytically and
graphically.
 Graphical method is similar to that explained in the
analysis of four bar mechanism.
 In dynamic analysis, it is assumed that engine is
running at a constant speed and the gravitational forces
and frictional forces are negligible compared to the
dynamic (force) effects.
 Analysis of gas forces and inertia forces is done
separately and these effects are combined using the
principle of superposition, to obtain the total bearing
forces and torque on the crankshaft.

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


GAS FORCES

  Consider a single cylinder I.C engine mechanism with


crank radius and connecting rod length , as shown.

 
Let the crank starts rotating with a uniform velocity of ‘’
in anticlockwise direction from the IDC position.
ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 
At any time ‘’ let the crank angle be as shown and the
corresponding inclination of Connecting rod be ‘’.
 Crank angle ‘’ is taken positive when crank angle is
measured from its IDC or TDC position.

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


 
From the geometry of the mechanism
;
;
 Obliquity ratio of connecting rod ;

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


Displacement of Piston

 Designating the piston position by , .


 .
 and

 ;
 and

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


  ;

.

 For most of the engines is about


 so that is large compared to .

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


  Writing
;
 Expanding the radical using binomial theorem
 .
 And neglecting higher order terms .
 As ,

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


  Hence

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


Velocity of piston
 

Acceleration of piston

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS

 To analysis of the Slider crank mechanism under Gas load alone


consider slider crank mechanism shown in figure.

  Let the gas force the piston be and is given by , where is the
maximum gas pressure on the piston.

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


 𝑨
𝝎
 
 𝒓  𝒍
𝑩
 
𝜽
   𝝓
𝑶
   𝑷

 𝒙 𝒑=𝒙
 𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 𝑭𝟑𝟐   𝑷
𝑭 𝟒𝟑 =
cos 𝝓    𝝓  𝑷

 𝝓 𝑭
  𝟑𝟒 =− 𝑭 𝟒𝟑  𝑭 𝟒𝟏

 𝑭 𝟒𝟑 cos 𝝓  =𝑷
  𝑭 𝟒𝟑 sin 𝝓=𝑭 𝟒 𝟏 𝑭 𝟒 𝟏=𝑷 tan 𝝓
  𝑭
  𝟐𝟑 =− 𝑭 𝟑𝟐
 𝝓
 𝒓
 𝑭𝟏𝟒 =𝑭 𝟒𝟏 =𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝑭
  𝟐𝟏 =− 𝑭 𝟐𝟑
  𝑷
 𝑭𝟑𝟒 =𝑭 𝟑𝟐 =𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒐𝒅  𝝓  𝝓 𝑭𝟐𝟑 =
cos 𝝓  
ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 𝑭 𝒓

𝑻
 
𝑭
  𝟐𝟑 =− 𝑭 𝟑𝟐
 𝑭𝒕  𝝓
𝑭  𝒓
  𝟐𝟏 =− 𝑭 𝟐𝟑

 𝝓  𝜽
  Tangential force on the crank

 Thrust on the crank bearings

 Torque or turning moment on the crank


  𝑷
𝑭𝟐𝟑 =
cos 𝝓  

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAM

  The diagram drawn between Torque or turning moment on crank


and the crank angle is known as turning moment diagram.

 
  

   Torque on crank is a function of


crank angle .

𝑻  𝑵𝒎
𝟐𝝅
 
 Typical 2-stroke engine turning moment diagram. 𝜽  𝑹𝒂𝒅
ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 
 Given Speed of the Engine ,
 Bore diameter
 Stroke length
 Connecting rod length ,
 Neglecting other effects determine the Thrust on cylinder walls, tangential
force at piston, thrust on crank bearings and turning moment on crank
 when crank has turned by from IDC.
 Gas load on piston head is .
 Also determine the acceleration of the engine shaft, if its mass moment of
inertia is and power of the Engine is .

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


 𝒚
 𝝎  𝑨
Crank 𝒓
Connecting Rod
 𝒍 Piston (Slider)
 𝜽  𝝓
 𝑩  𝒙
𝑶 
  Given Speed of the Engine ,

 Bore diameter
 𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 Gas load on piston head is .
 Gas force is

 Stroke length
 𝑭 𝟒𝟏
 Crank Radius
 Connecting rod length

 Thirst on cylinder walls

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


   𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 Thirst on cylinder walls

  𝑭 𝟒𝟏
 Hence Thirst on cylinder walls

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


𝑭
  𝟑𝟐

 𝑭𝟑𝟒 =− 𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 𝝓

  Thrust in connecting rod is

𝑭
  𝟐𝟑 =− 𝑭 𝟑𝟐
 𝝓
𝑭  𝒓
  𝟐𝟏 =− 𝑭 𝟐𝟑

 𝝓  𝝓

  Tangential force on Crank

 Thrust on crank bearings

 Turning moment on crank,

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


 
 Determine the acceleration of the engine shaft, if its mass moment of inertia
is and power of the Engine is .
 
 Power

 Net torque is

 Angular acceleration of the engine shaft is


ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


  Neglecting other effects, determine due to inertia effects the Thirst on
cylinder walls, Tangential force on Crank, Thrust on crank bearings and
Turning moment on crank when crank has turned by from IDC. Speed of
the Engine , Bore diameter , Stroke length , Connecting rod length and
Mass of piston Parts .

  Angular velocity of crank


 Crank Radius 𝝎 𝑨
    𝒍 
 Connecting rod length 𝒓     𝑭𝒊
𝑩
𝜽
  𝝓
 
 Obliquity Ratio of connecting rod 𝑶
  𝒙  𝒑=𝒙
 Mass of piston Parts , 𝒂
 𝑷
 Acceleration piston is

 Inertia force on piston is

ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus


 
 𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 𝝓  𝑭𝒊
  𝝓 = sin 𝜃 𝒓 = sin 𝜃 = sin 30
sin   
𝒍 𝒏 𝟒
  𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟎 . 𝟒 𝑵  𝑭 𝟒𝟏
𝑭 𝟒𝟑 = =𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 𝑵 𝑭
cos 𝟕 . 𝟏𝟖   𝟑𝟐
𝑭 𝟒𝟏 =𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 𝑵 sin 𝟕 . 𝟏𝟖=𝟐𝟔𝟓 .𝟖𝟔 𝑵
 
 𝝓  𝑭𝟑𝟒 =− 𝑭 𝟒𝟑
 𝑭 =− 𝑭 =−𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 𝑵
𝟑𝟒 𝟒𝟑
 𝑭 =− 𝑭 =𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 𝑵
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟒
  𝑭𝟐𝟑 =− 𝑭 𝟑𝟐=−𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 .𝟎𝟖 𝑵  𝑭𝟐𝟑 =− 𝑭 𝟑𝟐
𝒓=𝟎
  .𝟐𝟐 𝒎
 𝑭𝟐𝟏
𝑭𝟐𝟏 =− 𝑭 𝟐𝟑 =𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟕 . 𝟎𝟖 𝑵
   𝜽  𝝓

 𝑭 =𝑭 sin ( 𝜃+𝜙 ) =𝟏 𝟐𝟖𝟓 . 𝟒𝟒 𝑵


𝒕 𝟐𝟑
 𝑻 𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝑻 =𝑭 ∗ 𝒓
𝒕
𝑻 =𝟏 𝟐𝟖𝟓 . 𝟒𝟒 𝑵 ∗ 𝟎 .𝟐𝟐 𝒎=𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖 𝑵 − 𝒎𝑪𝑾
 
ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
  BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, PILANI- HYDERABAD
CAMPUS
SECOND SEMESTER 2019–20
Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines (ME/MF F244)
Tutorials-7
MAX MARKS: 5 DATE: 14–04–2020
 Given that , , , neglecting other effects, determine the Thirst on cylinder walls,
Crank pin effort, thrust on crank bearings and turning moment on crank when
crank has turned by from IDC. Gas load on piston head is . Consider gas load and
inertia force on piston in the analysis. Also determine the acceleration of the
engine shaft, if its mass moment of inertia is and power of the Engine is .

Draw appropriate neat diagrams to show the equilibrium for each of the three links crank, connecting rod
and piston.
Note: Write the solution with neat steps and neat diagrams on A4 sheet, scan the sheets and send
mail with attachment name as “idno_Tutorial7” before 5 PM of 19 April 2020.
ME F244 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Potrebbero piacerti anche