DIET FOR CARDIOVASKULAR DISEASE

SETYOWATI ERINETA HUTABARAT

CAUSES

 Heart disease is caused by damage to all or part of the heart, damage to the coronary
arteries, or a poor supply of nutrients and oxygen to the organ. Some types of heart
disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are genetic. These, alongside congenital
heart defects, can occur before a person is born.
SYMPTOMS

 Pain in the chest: the heart muscle is not getting enough flow to keep it going.
 Trouble breathing : blood may back up into the lungs.
 Palpitations (a feeling that the heart is beating too fast, too hard, or not regularly).
 Swelling of feet or legs, blood is backing up from the heart into the lower body.
 Feeling weak because the body and brain are not getting enough blood to supply them
with oxygen.
 Cyanosis (skin turning a blue colour) means that too little oxygen is in the bloodstream to
supply the cells in the body.
TYPES OF HEART DISEASE

1. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) – This is a condition that means that the heart is not
pumping at normal levels. Two common causes are a weak or sick heart muscle and
abnormal heart valves. The valves may not let enough blood through because they are too
narrowed. Or the valve may "leak" and let blood flow backwards (the wrong direction) inside
the heart.
2. Coronary Artery Disease (acronym CAD) – This is a problem with the blood vessels that
deliver blood to the heart muscle. If these blood vessels get very small, or if they become
blocked, blood cannot flow through them normally.
 
TREATMENT

There are two main lines of treatment for heart disease.

Medication
A very wide range of medication is available for the majority of heart conditions. Many are
prescribed to prevent blood clots, but some serve other purposes.
The main medications in use are:
•statins, for lowering cholesterol
•blood thinners, such as warfarin, for preventing blood clots
•beta-blockers, for treating heart attack, heart failure, and high blood pressure
•angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, for heart failure and high blood pressure

Surgery
surgery is an intensive option from which it can take a long time to recover. However, they
can be effective in treating blockages and heart problems for which medications may not be
effective, especially in the advanced stages of heart disease.
STEPS TO PREVENT HEART DISEASE

1. Control your portion size

Use a small plate or bowl to help control your portions. Eat larger portions of low-calorie, nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and smaller portions of high-
calorie, high-sodium foods, such as refined, processed or fast foods. This strategy can shape up your diet as well as your heart and waistline .

Keep track of the number of servings you eat. The recommended number of
servings per food group may vary depending on the specific diet or guidelines
you're following.
2. Eat more vegetables and fruits
Vegetables and fruits are good sources of vitamins and minerals. Vegetables and
fruits are also low in calories and rich in dietary fiber. Vegetables and fruits, like other
plants or plant-based foods, contain substances that may help prevent cardiovascular
disease. Eating more fruits and vegetables may help you cut back on higher calorie
foods, such as meat, cheese and snack foods.
3. Limit unhealthy fats
Limiting how much saturated and trans fats you eat is an important step to reduce
your blood cholesterol and lower your risk of coronary artery disease. A high blood
cholesterol level can lead to a buildup of plaques in your arteries, called
atherosclerosis, which can increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.
4. Reduce the sodium in your food
Eating a lot of sodium can contribute to high blood pressure, a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease. Reducing sodium is an important part of a heart-healthy diet.
The American Heart Association recommends that:
•Healthy adults have no more than 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium a day (about a
teaspoon of salt)
•Most adults ideally have no more than 1,500 mg of sodium a day
5.Plan ahead: Create daily menus
You know what foods to feature in your heart-healthy diet and which ones to limit.
Now it's time to put your plans into action.
Create daily menus using the six strategies listed above. When selecting foods for
each meal and snack, emphasize vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Choose lean
protein sources and healthy fats, and limit salty foods. Watch your portion sizes and
add variety to your menu choices.