THERMAL POWER PLANT

Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy

1.Thermal Station: - The turbine is rotated by steam

which is produced by the heat generated by burning
fuel in boiler e
 Operation Mechanism
 The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to Boiler for
producing heat
 In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
 In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the steam and that
steam is called super heated steam
 The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressure turbine
 The Exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam then rotates the
Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine
 The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure turbine.
 The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which produces Electric
Power.
 The power generated is then Transmitted.
 INTRODUCTION
KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER PLANT

LOCATION LAND COAL WATER

Coal India ltd supply

Ideally on the left Land measuring coal from its coal The source of water
Bank of Chambal at up approx 250 producing for power station
stream of kota barrage hectare was Subsidiaries is reservoir formed
required for the BCCL,SECL.ECL by Kota Barrage
project Through railways On the Chambal
in 1976. wagons. river.
 STAGES
KSTPS is designed in 5 stages

Stage -1 Stage-2 Stage-4 Stage-5

Stage-3
2*110 MW 2*210 MW 1*195 MW 1*195 MW
1*210 MW

Net power generation= 1240 MW

CONSTITUTES OF KSTPS
Coal handling plant

D-M Water plant

Boiler

Turbine

Generator

Ash Handling plant

Switch Yard
 Coal Handling Plant

Raw Coal Wagon- Coal is brought to the site

through a Wagon as per requirement.

Wagon tippler-The coal is unloaded from the

Wagon and is transported to
crushers and for storage place through
conveyor.

Junction tower- JT’s are used where the

conveyor has any angular deviation.

Primary Crusher-The Raw coal is crushed into fine Rejected- The

pieces to 45mm grit). Primary crusher is also stones and
called Rotary Breaker since the coal is unwanted coal
crushed by a rotating plate. is rejected

Secondary Crusher-The fine pieces of coal is

crushed to powder (to 25mm grit)
 Two way conveyor

Junction Tower

Mill Bunker-The 25mm grit coal is crushed into very fine

powder for feeding the boiler. We will have a spare
Bunker for each Boiler.

BOILER
 Water Handling Plant(WHP)
Water in a Power Plant is used for
1. Production of Steam- for rotating turbine.
2. Cooling Purpose- For cooling of various equipment .

Water is recycled and used for various purpose:-Principal problem in HP Boiler is

corrosion are
steam impurities these
impurities form deposit over
turbine blades.
Raw
Water

Purifie
Conde
d DM
nser
water

For
cooling
Steam
purpos
e
 Reservoir

Water
Water Cycle
Cycle
Water Clarification

Chlorification
DM Plant
&
(Demineralized Plant) Filtration

Auxiliary cooling
DMCW
Water (ACW)
Demineralized
cooling Water
Various Equipment Cooling Water
Various Equipment Boiler

DMCWP Steam

Condenser
PHE Cooling
Tower
water
Steam to
25D  35D Water CT
Hot water

CT Cool water
25D  20D CWP
CWP CWP
from CWP
Cool water
D-Degrees
CWP-cooling water Pump Dearator Hot Well
PHE-Pre heat Exchange
 stack

Super
Boiler water tubes
DM water heated
& various stages
steam

Flue gases

Air from Boiler Ash

environment furnace handling
via draft fans plant

Pulverized
coal
 BOILER:-
 The Boiler are capacity steam Technical specification-
generators used purely for
the steam power generation.  Type tangentially fired natural
circulation
 Make Balanced draft water tube boiler
 In boiler heat energy is  Capacity BHEL
Released from the combustion  Steam pressure 375 tons per hour
of fossil fuel and heat is  Efficiency 139 kg/sq. cm
Transferred to different fluids  Steam temperature 86.6%
In the system . 540 deg.

The various heat transfer section in boiler –

 furnace
 Super heater & Reheater
 Economiser
 Turbine
Turbine is a m/c which shaft is rotated steadily by impact of steam upon blades of turbine.
It converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
In a Thermal Power Plant generally 3 turbines are used to increase the efficiency.
 High Pressure Turbine(HPT): The superheated steam is directly fed to this turbine to rotate it.
 Intermediate Pressure Turbine(IPT): The out put from the HPT is reheated in a reheater(RH)
and used to rotate IPT .
 Low Pressure Turbine(LPT): The Exhausted steam from the IPT is directly fed to rotate the
shaft of LPT.

*All the turbines are connected to a single shaft which is connected

to the Generator.
Super
Heater
Steam

Shaft
HPT IPT LPT Generator

RH
Steam

Condenser
Two pole
Rotation
Synchronous H2 gas
speed Star- delta
generator For
Of 3000 rpm connection
cooling
Of 50 Hz.
 Generator
The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connecting the shaft of the
Turbine to the shaft of the generator which cuts the magnetic flux producing Emf.
 The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max.
 The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transformer and is
transmitted and is also used for Auxiliary purposes.

UAT
20Kv to 6.KV

Bus Duct
SYNCHRONOUS
GENERATOR

Generator
Transformer
20KV to 400KV

Unit Auxiliary Transformer: This transformer is used to step down the produced voltage and use
for Auxiliary purpose.

Syncronization- Bring speed of 3000rpm ,voltage is slowly built up.

1)Voltage 2)frequency 3)phase displacement
4)Waveform 5) phase sequence
 Ash Handling Plant
The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms: Flue Gases
1. Bottom Ash(Slurry):It’s a waste which is dumped into a Ash Pond
2. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro
static Precipitator).

Economizer : Reduces the temperature

Chimney
Fly Ash
& Flue
Boiler Gases Flue Gases
Economizer ESP

Bottom
ash(wet ash) Fly ash

Ash Pond Cylo

Cement
Factory
 Air pollution preventing equipment.

 It is used to extract suspended particles from flue gases.

 Switchyard
 TWO 220 kv bus bar have been provided in switchyard and are inter connected through
A bus coupler

It consist of several part-

o Bus bar

o Circuit breaker

o Current Transformer (C.T.)

o Lightning Arresters

o Potential Transformer
(P.T.)

o Isolator
ISOLATOR IN CLOSED CONDITION

Whenever maintanace or repaire work is to be

carried out on equipment in swichyard it is
disconnected from suppy isolation

ISOLATOR IN OPEN CONDITION

LIGHTNING ARRESTER  LA also called the surge diverter.
 Connected between line & earth i.e. in
parallel with equipment.
It provides the low resistance path to the
lightning and switching over current.
LA is the first and last equipment in any
switchyard.

INSULATOR:-

Used to provide the proper

Insulation.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
The current transformer is used to
measure the current in power line.

STOCKBRIDGE DAMPER

 Dampers are used to prevent

the vibration in power line.
 It converts the vibrational
energy into relative motion of
dampers.
 Steam and water control-
Fan control- Turbine control-
 Drum level control
 Flow of steam & water
 Pressure control
 Primary Air fan  Pressure of steam and water
 Load control
 Furnace pressure  Temperature of steam and
 Speed control
 Force draft fan water
 Induced draft fan

Fuel control- Generator control-

 Coal ,oil flow,  Stator ,rotor temperature

 oil pressure  For stator cooling
 Flow of air control a) H2 pressure b) H2o pressure