Health and Development

How have Health issues

been addressed in
International Development
Agenda ?
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Past
3. Recent Past -MDGs
-Monitoring Progress
- Progress made in MDGs
4. Current: Post 2015 Agenda
-SDGs
5. Organizations at work
6. Challenges faced at Global level.
7. Conclusion
 1. Introduction
Actively led by the United Nations (UN) in
1940s.
To discuss common concerns related to:
 Peace
Security
 Development

MDGs have been unique rallying point to

bring the member states, civil society
organizations and donors together to address
development issues.
 2. Past
 The UN and its technical agencies have spearheaded
the initiatives related to: Development, Health, and
Sustainable development.

 The UN has addressed development issues and

related initiatives for measures to :
 Eliminate illiteracy
 Hunger
 Disease
 Mortality
 Poverty
 Minimum of 0.7% of the GDP by developed countries to
development assistance
 For developing countries to achieve a GDP growth rate of
3. Recent Past
Millenium Development Goals
 Sept 2000- 189 member states of the UN met at UN
headquarters.

 Set development agenda for the 21st century and adopted

the UN Millennium Declaration

 The road map toward its implementation is known as the

MDGs.

 The health-related MDGs do not cover all the health issues that
matter to poor people and poor countries. But they do serve as
markers of the most basic challenges ahead:
i. to stop women dying during pregnancy and childbirth;
ii. to protect young children from ill health and death;
iii. to tackle the major communicable diseases, in particular
 - Monitoring progress of

MDGs
An Inter-Agency Expert Group (IAEG) led by
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN
Secretariat was formed to report to the General
Assembly (UNGA).

Progresstoward the eight MDGs is measured through

21 targets and 60 indicators.

Data for monitoring of achievements are provided by

the governments.

Tofill data gaps, IAEG uses surveys i.e., Multiple

Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic
Health Surveys.
 Data at individual countries often differ from
IAEG data because:
 Some countries may have more recent data than
what they reported to the UN
 the IAEG estimates the missing values
 adjustments are often needed to ensure
international comparability.

 The UN Statistics Division maintains an

official website of the IAEG and its
database .
(http://mdgs.un.org).

 Frequency of reporting by member states is

flexible and usually varies between 3 and 5
years.
UNACHIEVED GOALS

1) In 2015, more than 600 million people still used

unimproved water sources and almost one billion lived
on an income of less than $1.25 per day.
2) A large number of mothers and children continued to
die from preventable causes.
3) Hunger remained a global challenge.
4) Ensuring that all children complete primary education
remained unfulfilled.
5) Lack of sanitation hampered progress in health and
nutrition.
6) Biodiversity loss and Greenhouse gas emissions
continued to pose a major threat to people and ecosystem.
4. Current: Post 2015 Agenda
 Post 2015 agenda was built on the experience of
MDGs.

 It used an open and consultative process which

was lacking in the development of the MDGs.

 The Secretary General of the UN constituted a

High-level group in 2010 to make
recommendations to advance the UN development
agenda beyond 2015.
 UN System task team report 2012, Realizing the Future
We Want was based on member states led consultation
process, lessons learned from MDGs, decisions taken at
Rio + 20 (June 2012) and global thematic consultations on:

◦ Inequalities
◦ Health
◦ Education
◦ Growth and employment
◦ Population dynamics
◦ Governance
◦ Conflict and fragility
◦ Environmental sustainability
◦ Food security
◦ Nutrition
◦ National consultations.
SDGs: REDEFINING GLOBAL
HEALTH PRIORITIES
1. Spanning issues of MNHC.
2. CD and NCD.
3. Environmental Health
4. Universal health coverage
5. Substance abuse
6. Road safety
7. Reproductive health
8. Global health security
 5. Organizations at Work
i. WHO
Objective- Attainment by all the
People of the world a level of health
that will permit them to lead a socially
and economically productive life.
 HEALTH ISSUES
COMMUNICABLE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

 WHO collects and disseminates epidemiological information

on diseases .

 Activities of who to prevent the disease -

 Vector control
 Quality control of drugs
 Drug evaluation

 NCDs like diabetes, cancer, can be prevented by -

 Doing physical activity
 Decreasing tobacco use
 Healthy dietary practices
 FOOD AND NUTRITION
 Hunger and malnutrition continue to dominate the health of
world’s poorest nation. 30% of the world population is
suffering from malnutrition

 WHO has collaborated with the network of WHO

collaborating centers for food contamination monitoring
and is working to develop sustainable, integrated food
safety systems for reduction of health risk along the entire
food chain.
ii. UNICEF- United Nations International
Children's Emergency Fund

Established in1946 by
UN General Assembly
Aims at –
i. Child Health

ii. Child Nutrition

iii.Family and Child

Welfare

iv. Education
UNICEF works with:

• UNDP- United Nations Development

Programme
• FAO- Food and Agriculture Organization
• UNESCO- United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
UNICEF
Promotes:
 6. Challenges faced at Global
Level
i. Impact of economic policies on the
health status
ii. Shortage of resources
iii. Dramatic changes at the health
policy making environment
iv. Availability and skill level of human
resources
v. Availability of technology and
health facilities.
7. Conclusion
i. Emphasis on human development has
shifted policy attention beyond economic
growth that dominated previous agenda.
ii. Major strength of MDGs is its focus on
limited set of concrete, common human
development goals and targets.
iii. MDGs brought together governments,
development partners, UN agencies and
NGOs to achieve the goals.
iv. MDG missed out on newer threats like
climate change which has been
mainstreamed in SDGs.
Any
Questions ?
Thank You..!!