GREEN REVOLUTION

 Green Revolution was based on the idea of agricultural

revolution.
 Green revolution infact started with the introduction of high
yielding variety (HYV) of wheat by Dr. Borlaug in 1950.
 Dr. Borlaug was of the view that man should not entirely
depend upon Nature for the production of agricultural
goods.
 Man himself should make efforts to increase agricultural
output by God.
 The technological innovations and then leave the result in
the hands of God.
GREEN REVOLUTION
 The technological and pesticides in evolving
seeds of agricultural output which is known as
Green Revolution.

 Green Revolution thus is the break through or

remarkable increase in the quantity and quality
of agricultural output through the institutional
and technological reforms
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR GREEN
REVOLUTION:

 There are several factors which are

responsible for break through in agricultural
production.

 These factors mutually support each other

in ushering the green revolution.
(1) MIRACLE SEEDS:
 The primary factor which brought agricultural revolution is
the introduction of high yielding variety, (HYV) seeds.

 The use of new variety of seeds has very much increased

the agricultural yields per hectare.

 For example, in Pakistan, the yield of wheat was 1189 Kg

per hectare in 1971- 72 and has increased to 2769 kg per
hectare in 2006-07.

 Similarly, the yield of rice which was 1554 kg per hectare in

1971-72 which has gone up to 2107 Kg per hectare in
2006-07
(2) Agricultural research:
 The agricultural research on higher yielding
plant varieties and better methods of controlling
insects have resulted in higher production
output.
(3) Fertilizer:
 The increased use of chemical fertilizer is now
playing a key role in raising the agricultural
production.
(4) Multiple cropping:
 Due to new seeds maturing early, it has now
become possible to get three or even four crops
instead of one or two from the same piece of land
in a year
(5) Modern machinery:

 The farmers are gradually replacing the bullocks

cultivation by the modern machinery like tractors,
thrashers, harvesters, tube wells etc.

 The time saving use of modern machinery in

agricultural sector has made it possible to sow,
grow and harvest crops in the shortest possible
period of time
(6) Support prices:
 The new or improved technology increases
agricultural production and reduces the cost per
unit of output.

 In order to sustain agricultural progress and

keep the prices of agricultural products profitable
to the farmers, the government of each country
offers support prices to the growers so that
agriculture creates potential for higher real
income to the producers.
(7) Processing, storage and marketing
facilities:

 The processing, storage and marketing facilities

have been now greatly improved and extended in
almost all the countries of the world.

 The increased agricultural production is put to

profitable use.

 The provision of these facilities brings facility in

the prices of agricultural goods and ensures
reasonable return to the growers.
(8) Credit facilities:

 Availability of institutional agricultural credit on time

to the farming community enables it to carry out the
agricultural operations efficiently.

(9) Institutional changes:

 Green revolution is carried out more effectively

and efficiently by institutional changes like land
reforms, flow of market information etc.
 These are also adopted along with bio chemical
technology.
IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION

 The main effect of green revolution on the

economy of a country are as under.

(1) Increase in production:

 The use of higher yielding variety seeds, chemical

fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides, improved
irrigation, facilities etc has remarkably increased
the production of wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton,
maize etc in all the countries of the world including
Pakistan.
(2) Reducing regional imbalances:

 The agricultural scientists are developing new

technology which should suit the different regions
of the country.

 New improved variety of seeds has been

developed which suits the barani farming areas
also.

 The introduction of modern technology in

agriculture has greatly helped in reducing
intraregional disparities.
(3) Unbalanced cropping pattern:

 The green revolution in its coverage of crops is

partial and lopsided.

 In Pakistan the production of wheat, rice, cotton

has remarkably increased due to the adoption of
new technology.

 However, the production of pulses, grams,

maize, barley etc has recorded only a marginal
increase in output.
(4) Social imbalances:
 In its first phase, the green revolution has favored the
large land owners.

 The rich farmers were and are able to use the package of
new technology.

 They therefore earned handsome profits from the

increased output.

 In the second phase now, the peasant proprietors and the

tenants are also using new technology.

 The difference in income of the large landowners and the

small land owners is, however, significant and socio
economic gap is widening as the time passes.
(5) Impact on employment:

 Agriculture still is the largest source of employment (48%

of the total labour force) in rural areas.

 The rural labour force is mainly self employed and unpaid

family helpers still dominate the employment scene.

 During the sowing harvesting seasons, the labour force is

nearly absorbed.

 Sometimes there is also shortage of labour in peak

periods of agricultural operations.

 The use of intensive farming methods associated with

new technology has increased the overall employment
(6) Increase in investment:

 The farmers benefiting from the new

technology are investing more and more of
their increased income for the improvement of
land.

 Purchase of machinery, pesticides and other

inputs.

 We can say that the farmers are plugging back

a major portion of their income on farm
improvements.
(7) Economic stability:

 The new farm technology has helped in increasing

export of agricultural goods, absorption of rural
labour in the manufacturing sector.

 The rise in net income from the sector has given

stimulus to industrial growth and has helped in
promoting economic stability in the country.