RKUD 3030

METHODS OF
DA’WAH
Part 4
1. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did as what he said.
2. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did not compromise as far
as Islam was concerned.
3. The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s approach was gentle and
full of love.
4. The Prophet (a.s.w.) always thought of lessening
the burden for his Ummah.
5. Disbelievers’ Bribes did not make the Prophet
(a.s.w.) stop his mission.
6. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did not compromise as far
as al-Shari‘ah was concerned.

2
 The Prophet (a.s.w.) acts according to his
words, and therefore, his actions reflect his
words.
‘Aishah (r.a.) said that every thing he said or acted is al-
Qur’an. Thus, he demonstrated the highest moral and
wholesome personality as a model for mankind.
َ ‫ُس َوةٌ َح َس نَةٌ لِّ َم ن َك‬
‫ان َي ْر ُج و اللَّ َه‬ ‫أ‬ ِ َّ‫ول الل‬
‫ه‬ ِ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ان لَ ُكم ف‬
ْ َُ ْ ِ َ ‫(لََق ْد َك‬
)21 :‫َوالَْي ْو َم اآْل خ َر َوذَ َك َر اللَّهَ َكثِيراً) (األحزاب‬
“You have indeed in the Messenger of God, a beautiful
pattern (of conduct) for any one whose hope is in
God and the Final Day, and who engages much in the
praise of God.” (al-Ahzab: 21)

3
 He is the most patient and most consistent of all
prophets. He was one of the four prophets known
as ulu al-’azm:
َّ ِ ِ
)...‫الر ُس ل َواَل تَ ْس َت ْعجل ل ُه ْم‬ ِ ِ
ُّ ‫ص َب َر أ ُْولُوا ال َْع ْزم م َن‬ ِ
َ َ ْ ‫اص ب‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ك‬َ ‫ر‬ ْ َ‫(ف‬
)35 :‫(األحقاف‬
“Therefore patiently persevere, as did (all) messengers of
inflexible purpose; and be in no haste about the
(Unbelievers)…” (al-Ahqaf: 35).
 The burden of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.)'s
responsibility was extremely heavy compared
with other prophets.
4
 He has to guide all mankind until the
Day of Judgment.
 Allah has revealed to him, the teachings
and methodology of all other prophets
but his way of preaching and teaching
were not revealed to other prophets.
 The importance of the Prophet
Muhammad's methodology lies in his
status as the last and final Prophet and
his finality of his message of Islam.

5
 When the non-Muslim asked him for
compromise, offering to worship only
Allah if Muhammad would worship
their idols, then the Surah al-Kafirun
was revealed.
‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫َنت‬
‫أ‬ ‫اَل‬‫و‬
َ ُ َ ْ ُ َ َ ُ ُْ َ َ ُ ُْ * ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫ع‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬َ
‫أ‬ ‫اَل‬ * ‫ون‬ ِ
َ ُ ‫(قُ ْل يَا أ َُّي َها الْ َكاف‬
‫ر‬
َ ‫َما أَ ْعبُ ُد * َواَل أَنَا َعابِ ٌد َّم ا َعبَدتُّ ْم * َواَل أَنتُ ْم َعابِ ُد‬
* ‫ون َما أَ ْعبُ ُد‬
)6-1 :‫لَ ُك ْم ِدينُ ُك ْم َولِ َي ِدي ِن) (الكافرون‬
6
◦ Once a Bedouin urinated in the Mosque and the
companions of the Prophet (a.s.w.) were very angry and
intended to chase him away. The Prophet (a.s.w.),
however, asked them to let the boy finished first and
then just washed it away.
◦ Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was informed by the
Revelation about the incident where Prophet Musa (a.s.)
and Prophet Harun (a.s.) had to go and speak to Fir’aun
softly.
‫ (ا ْذ َهبَ ا إِلَ ى فِ ْر َع ْو َن إِنَّهُ طَغَ ى * َف ُقواَل لَهُ َق ْوالً لَّيِّناً لَّ َعلَّ ُه‬

)44-43 :‫شى) (طه‬
"Go, both of you, to Pharoah, for he has indeed transgressed all
َ ‫َيتَ َذ َّك ُر أ َْو يَ ْخ‬
bounds; But speaks to him mildly; perchance he may taking
warning or fear (God).” (Taha: 43-44)

7
 He had prayed to Allah to reduce the
obligatory prayers from 50 times to 5 times
only.
 For sick people (Muslims), those who could
not pray standing, they could pray sitting.
For those who could not pray sitting, they
could pray while lying down.
 Islam forbids its followers to fast for the
whole year.
 It is Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Sunnah to get
married based on mutual consent based on
a moderate way suitable for all people.

8
 The Arab disbelievers tried very hard to bribe the
Prophet (a.s.w.) by offering to him money, influential
position and woman in order to abandon his mission.
 However, the Prophet (a.s.w.) offered no compromise.
‫ ل و وضعوا‬، ‫ قال رس ول اهلل ص لى اهلل علي ه وس لم "واهلل‬
‫ على أن أترك هذا األمر؛ ال‬،‫ والقمر بشمالي‬،‫الشمس بيميني‬
‫(اإلرشاد إلى صحيح االعتقاد والرد‬."‫أتركه حتى يظهره اهلل أو أهلك دونه‬
)‫ صالح بن فوزان بن عبد اهلل آل فوزان‬،‫على أهل الشرك واإللحاد‬
 The Prophet (a.s.w.) said, “By Allah, even if they put the Sun
in my right hand and the Moon in my left hand in order to
quit this mission (propagating Islam), I do not leave it until
Allah (s.w.t.) makes it (the Truth) prevail or I will perish
(without it) in His service.”

9
 The theft done by Fatimah bint al-Aswad. As this
lady came from royal family of Bani Makhzum and
highly respected by the Quraish, some of the
Companions would like her to be free from
punishment.
 None of them dared to speak of it. Finally, they sent
‘Usamah ibn Zaid to speak about this as he was
loved by Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.). Then this was
followed by other people.
 The Prophet (a.s.w.) replied, "The people (before you)
were destroyed because when important people
stole, they were let off. If ordinary people did steal,
then they were punished."

10
  The well-known command of Allah in al-Nahl:
125 is the foundation of Prophet Muhammad
(a.s.w.)'s method of Da’wah.
ِ ‫ْح ْكم ِة والْمو ِعظَ ِة الْحس نَ ِة وج‬
‫ادل ُْه م بِالَّتِ ي ِه َي‬ ِ ‫ك بِال‬َ ‫ب‬
ِّ ‫ر‬ ِ
‫يل‬ ِ
‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ِ‫( ْادع إِل‬
ُ
ََ ََ َْ َ َ َ َ
) ‫ين‬ ‫د‬ِ َ‫ض َّل َع ن س بِيلِ ِه وهو أَ ْعلَم بِالْم ْهت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ َ
‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ َّ ِ
َ ُ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َّ َ ‫س ُن إ‬
‫ن‬ َ ‫َح‬
ْ‫أ‬
) 125 : ‫(النحل‬
 The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Methods of Da‘wah
consist of three components:
1. Wisdom
2. Goodly Advise
3. Arguing in the Gracious Manner

11
 Scholars unanimously agree that the
Qur’an and the Sunnah (sayings,
actions and tacit approval) of the
Prophet (a.s.w.) are the most
important sources of wisdom.
 One of the names of Allah is al-
Hakim. When Prophet Muhammad
(a.s.w.) was a child, the Angel came
and opened his chest after cleaning it
filled it with Iman and wisdom.

13
 In the whole life of Muhammad
(a.s.w.), whatsoever he said, did
and approved all were done based
on wisdom.
 Thus, we could say that the
preaching of Prophet Muhammad
(a.s.w.) is based on the wisdom
and guidance of Allah.

14
 Based on (16:125) (26:24) (74:1-6)
 i) The wisdom of the Prophet
◦ Secret Preaching
 first 3 yrs
 only to his close friends and families (26:24) – Khadijah, ‘Ali, Zaid Harithah, Abu
Bakr, Bilal al-Rabbah, Uthman al-‘Affan, al-Zubair al-‘Awwam, ‘Abdul Rahman
al-‘Auf and Sa’ad Abi Waqqas
Methods:
 - personal touch (wife and friends)
 - invitation to food
 - good listener and talk only when necessary
 Reason for adopting this strategy: the number of the earlier Muslims are too
small, weak and on the risk of being destroyed, therefore open preaching should
be abandoned
◦ Open Preaching (15:14)
 the next 10 years in Makkah and another 10 years in Madinah
 the wisdom of the first strategy of secret preaching has proven successful when
the Prophet started his open preaching
 the challenges faced by the Muslims as a result of the aggression made upon
them by the Quraish can be handled effectively because of the large number of
quality followers
 as a result of a good foundation of ‘aqidah, Muslims are willing to sacrifice their
livings, families, properties and then resulted to the establishment of the best
Ummah in Madinah and Mecca
 ◦ Respect to Abu Sufyan in the year of opening Makkah
◦ Fair treatment to Kuffar, the hostages of Badr (17 Ramadan, 2nd
Hijrah) – release them provided they teach 10 Muslim children to
read and write
◦ The Content of the Hudaybiyyah Treaties
 Suhail bin ‘Amr (chief negotiator for the Quraish)
 Changes : in Basmalah and in the Prophet’s name
 Agreement: i) cease fire for 10 yrs
 ii) Quraish who run to Madinah – need to return them (apostacy)
 iii) Muslim who run to Makkah – no need to return them (spread
Islam)
 iv) All the Arab tribes can now associate with the Muslim
 v) Muslim to perform Hajj on the next year (with a bigger
number of pilgrims (10 000)
Wisdom:
i) Muhammad has been recoqnized as a leader of a new group
and no more aggression on him
 ii) The recognition of an Islamic State in Madinah
 iii) The recognition of the right for the Muslim to visit Baitullah
for Hajj
 iv) The recognition of Islam as one of the religion
 ii) Mau’izatul Hasanah of the Prophet (9:128)
(21:107)
◦ he is the best advisor and counselor to all human
beings
◦ he is kind and compassionate
◦ he was asked to speak only the best word even to
enemy (17:53)
◦ lesson: abstain in futile argument and quarrel in the
disputable issues in fiqh
 iii) Mujadillah billati hiya ahsan of the Prophet
(20:49-51) (29:46)
◦ he was exposed with the past experience of
Prophets such as Prophet Moses with Pharaoh,
Prophet Ibrahim with King Namrod in da’wah
◦ demonstrate noble personality, character in
argument
◦ not allow to baseless accusations, making fun of
them for merely to win the argument
◦ should avoid unhappy conflict and to create peace
 Politeness in da’wah
 Using right method to the right mad’u
(study must be conducted earlier to
determine the appropriate method to be
applied)
 By example (da’wah bi al-Hal) (the most
effective method and can be demonstrated
by each and every Muslim)
The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Wisdom of
Preaching in Mecca:

a)Wisdom of his personal and secret

preaching (Sirriyyah).

b)Wisdom of open preaching (Jahriyyah).

20
 The Prophet (a.s.w.) received the first
revelation on the 17th of Ramadan, or 6th
August 610 AC.
 Then, he was commanded in another
revelation to preach to his close relatives.

ِ
:‫قربين ) (الشعراء‬
ْ َ ‫أْل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬
َ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ير‬ ِ
‫ش‬ ‫ع‬
َ ‫ر‬ ِ
‫نذ‬َ‫أ‬‫(و‬
َ َ َ ْ )214َ
"And admonish your closed relative"
(al-Shu‘ara’: 214.
21
  He also received the following revelation:

* ‫ك فَ َكِّب ْر‬ ‫ب‬

َّ ‫ر‬
َ ََ ْ‫و‬ * ‫ر‬ ِ
‫نذ‬ ‫أ‬
َ ‫ف‬
َ ‫م‬ ‫ق‬
ُ * ‫ر‬ ِّ
‫ث‬ َّ
‫د‬ ‫ْم‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫َي‬
ُّ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫(ي‬
ْ ُ ُ َ َِ
‫الر ْج َز فَ ْاه ُج ْر * َواَل تَ ْمنُ ن‬
ُّ ‫ك فَطَ ِّه ْر * َو‬ َ َ‫َوثيَاب‬
)7-1 :‫اصب ْر) (الم ّدثر‬ ِ ِ ِ
ْ َ ِّ َ َ ُ ‫تَ ْستَ ْكث‬
‫ف‬
َ ‫ك‬
“O thou wrapped up (in the mantle)! Arise and
‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ * ‫ر‬
deliver thy warning! And thy Lord do thou magnify!
And thy garments keep free from stain! And all
abomination shun! Nor expect, in giving, any
increase (for thyself)! But, for thy Lord's (Cause), be
patient and constant!” (al-Muddaththir :1-7)

22
 In the first early three years in Mecca, the
Prophet (a.s.w.) preached personally and
individually to his friends and family.
 To his wife Khadijah (r.a.) and friends, he
used the personal touch to speak and to
convey the message.
 To his relatives, he conveyed the messages
after having invited them for food and after
they had taken their food.
 Among the first new Muslims are: Khadijah
Binti Khuwailid, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Zaid ibn
Harithah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq,’Uthman ibn
Affan, Al-Zubair ibn Al-’Awwam, ‘ Abd al-
Rahman ibn ‘Auf, Sa'ad ibn Abi al-Waqqash
and others.
23
 After the number of Muslims reached
thirty, Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) chose
the house of al-Arqam ibn Abi Arqam, who
was his Companion to teach Islam to the
new Muslims.
 Wisdom in the personal and private
preaching is that the conditions of the
Jahilliyyah (pre-Islamic Era) did not allow
him to preach openly.

24
 The Prophet (a.s.w.)’ Da‘wah is more
effective through the individual and private
ways.
 His preaching was done face to face
between the Prophet (a.s.w.) as a Da‘i and
his wife or friends as mad’u of which the
personality and sincerity of the Prophet
(a.s.w) could move the hearts of the mad’u.
 The mad’u also could ask any question
from the da‘i.

25
 All Muslim scholars assert that
when the number of the Muslims
is too small and weak and there is
the risk of being destroyed, open
preaching should be abandoned
as the Ummah has to look after
the safety of Muslim. (al-Buti,
Fiqh al-Sirah, 94)
26
 Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) invited the family
of ‘Abd al-Muttalib to a feast in his house
including Abu Lahab. After the meal, the
Prophet (a.s.w.) was about to speak; suddenly
Abu Lahab came up and said:
"Here are your uncles and children from your uncles. Please
stop the deviations. You have attacked the religion of our tribe.
Please do not enrage the whole Arab tribes. Our tribe would not
be able to fight with them. We know of your purpose to change
our religion and ask us to follow the deviations so that we leave
our traditional way of worshipping the great ancestors. =

27
=Be careful of your safety and that of our generation.
It is not hard for the Arab tribe to attack and kill you.
They will not let you do this.
Return to the religion of your ancestors or we will jail
you until you are free from sickness. We must
educate you until your thinking is healthy. It is
rational for your family to educate you, to catch you,
and to jail you when you continue with your stand. It
is easier for us to do this than to let the Quraysh
seizes you together with other Arabs. I have never
seen any one who brought so much misfortunate to
your own family…” (Trans. from Muhammad Natsir,
1978:160-161).

28
 Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) just kept quiet
and let his relatives to go home. Then he
invited the same group again including Abu
Lahab for the second time.
 He stood up and said:
"I praise Allah. I praise Him and asked help from Him and
surrendered myself to Him. I witness there is no god but Allah
and nothing associates itself to him. Verily, an uncle would
not cheat his members, if you say I cheat the world, I would
not do so to my family. By Allah, there is no god but He, verily
I am the Messenger of Allah especially for you and for all men.
Verily, Allah has ordered me to warn you according to His
words "and admonish your nearest relative.“=

29
=I am calling you to the two words, which are easy at your
lips but hard to be weighted. That is, there is no god but
Allah and I am His messenger.
By Allah, you will die as when you fall asleep and wake up.
Certainly, you will be responsible for your deeds. You will
be paid rewards for your good deeds and punished for
your bad deeds. Heaven and hell are eternal.
O Bani ‘Abd al-Muttalib, by Allah, I know no man in the
land of Arabia who can place before his kinsfolk a more
excellent offer than that which I now make to you. I offer
you the happiness of this world and that of the Next. Allah
has commanded me to call you unto Him. Which of you,
then, will help me in this, and be my brother and my
successor among you?"

30
 After the third year, Prophet Muhammad
(a.s.w.) turned to preach openly when Allah
(s.w.t.) revealed to him:
) 94 :‫ين) (الحجر‬ِ‫ض َع ِن الْم ْش ِرك‬ ِ
‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ َ
‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ِ
َ ُ ْ ْ
"Therefore proclaim openly that which you are
َ َُ َ‫ع ب‬
‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫ؤ‬ْ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ْ ‫اص َد‬
ْ َ‫(ف‬
commanded, and turn away from al-mushrikun.“ (al-
Hijr: 94)
 In obedience to this command, the Prophet
(a.s.w.) gathered the Quraysh before the hill of
al-Safa. Standing on the hill, he asked the
people:
“O people! If I inform you that there is a troop of
soldiers coming to attack you from the yonder hills,
would you believe me?" The people said, “We have
never heard you telling a lie."

31
 Then, raising his voice he said:
“I have come to you as a warner, and
if you do not respond to warning,
punishment will fall upon you”.
 However, Abu Lahab, his uncle
interrupted and said:
“May you perish! Did you gather us
only for this reason?” Then he went
away.

32
1. As the last Prophet, Muhammad (a.s.w.) has
obligations to communicate the message
openly after the followers of Islam had
reached to a certain number.

2. His first call in the open was full of wisdom

as he did not directly deliver the message,
but firstly confirmed the people's trust in
him before conveying the message.

33
3. Throughout 10 years of open preaching,
various persecutions, and sufferings had
trained the Companions to become the best
people, and they were willing to sacrifice
their life, family, property and every thing
for the sake of Islam.
4. Through these unending sufferings, the
foundation of the khayr al-Ummah had been
lain down in Makkah.

34
 Allah (s.w.t.) had chosen Muhammad
(a.s.w.) as His Messenger and Prophet to
warn the people of the Last Judgment.
 People must accept God’s sovereignty

over them and mend their ways.

 They have to give to God the worship

that was His due and to follow certain

acts of ‘ibadah and moral instructions in
both their individual and social lives.

35
 Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was the last and
the seal of the Prophets.
 He was the best adviser and counselor for the
whole of mankind.
 He was just, kind and compassionate. He has
been described as ra’uf (kind), rahim (merciful)
and rahmatan lil-’alamin (a mercy for all
creatures).
 Throughout his life, he was deeply involved
with calling people to the goodness of both
worlds, Dunya (Earthly life which is temporary)
and Akhirah (Hereafter life which is
everlasting).

36
 ِ ِ‫ول ِّمن أَن ُف ِس ُكم َع ِز ٌيز َعلَْي ِه ما َعن‬
‫يص َعلَْي ُكم‬‫ر‬ ‫ح‬
ٌ َ ْ َ‫ُّم‬
‫ت‬ ْ ْ ِ ٌ ‫(لََق ْد ِ َجاء ُك ْم َر ُس‬
)128 :‫يم) (التوبة‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ر‬
َّ ‫وف‬
ٌ ‫ؤ‬ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ين‬ ِ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ؤ‬
ْ ‫ْم‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬
"Now has come unto you an Apostle from among yourselves; it
ٌ َ َ ُ
grieves him that you should perish, ardently anxious over you: to
the believers, is he most kind (ra’uf) and merciful (rahim). (al-
Tawbah: 128)

Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was asked to convey to the

those who worship Allah alone to speak only best words.
Allah (s.w.t.) says:
)53 :‫) (اإلسراء‬... ‫س ُن‬‫َح‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ادي ي ُقولُواْ الَّتِي‬
‫ه‬ ِ ‫(وقُل لِّ ِعب‬
َْ َ
"And say to My servants (worshippers) that they should say
َ َ َ
those things that are best." (al-Isra`: 53).

37
  Allah (s.w.t.) revealed to Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.)
the methods of previous Prophets while dealing with
those who opposed them.
1. He was revealed to the argument of the Prophet Musa
with Fir‘aun.
‫ال َر ُّبنَا الَّ ِذي أَ ْعطَى ُك َّل َش ْي ٍء َخ ْل َقهُ ثُ َّم َه َدى‬
َ َ‫وسى * ق‬ َ ‫ال فَ َمن َّربُّ ُك َما يَا ُم‬
َ َ‫(ق‬
ِ ‫اب اَّل ي‬
‫ض ُّل‬ ٍ َِ‫ال ِع ْلمه ا ِعن َد ربِّ ي فِ ي ك‬
‫ت‬ َ ‫ق‬
َ * ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬
َ ‫و‬ُ ‫أْل‬ ‫ا‬ ِ
‫ون‬ ‫ال الْ ُق ُر‬
ُ َ‫ال فَ َم ا ب‬ َ َ‫* ق‬
َ َ َُ
)52 :‫نسى) (طه‬ َ ‫َربِّي َواَل ي‬
َ
“(When this message was delivered) (Fir‘aun) asked, "Who then,
O Moses, is the Lord of you two?" He said: “Our Lord is He who
gave to each thing its form and nature, and then guided it
aright.“ (Fir‘aun) said: “What then is the condition of previous
generations. He replied: "The knowledge of that is with my Lord,
duly recorded. My lord neither errs nor forgets." (Taha: 49-51)

38
 Fir‘aun did not intend to submit to Allah, but
wanted to trap Musa, and to make the whole
audience reject Musa. So he asked him of the
conditions of previous generations.
 If the answer that they were idol worshippers, and
to be condemned into hell. Then, the whole
audience would be angered at Musa.
 So Musa only answered, the records of previous
generation is with the Lord. Allah never forgets
and never make mistakes.
 By this, Musa made it clear that he was concerned
with the life of Fir‘aun and his salvation.
Whatsoever was over was not his concern, and he
could do nothing to undo it.

39
2. Allah (s.w.t.) revealed to the Prophet (a.s.w.) the
argument of Ibrahim (a.s.) with King Namrud. Allah
(s.w.t.) says:

َ َ‫ك إِ ْذ ق‬
‫ال‬ ‫ل‬
ْ ‫ْم‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
َ ُِ ُ ُ َ ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬
ّ ‫ال‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫َن‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ه‬ِ ‫ب‬
ِّ ِ
‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ِ
‫ف‬ ‫يم‬ ِ
‫اه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ِ
‫إ‬ ‫آج‬
َّ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ِ َّ
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬
َ ِ
‫(أَلَ ْم َت َر إ‬
َ
ِ َ ْ َ ِ ِ
‫ال‬
َ َ‫يت ق‬ ‫ُم‬‫أ‬
ُ َِ ْ َ‫و‬ ‫ـي‬ ِ
‫ي‬ ‫ُح‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ َ
‫أ‬ ‫ال‬
َ ‫ق‬
َ ‫يت‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬
ُ ِ َُ ْ ُ ‫ـي‬ ِ
‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ َّ
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
ِّ ‫ر‬ ‫يم‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬
ْ ِ
‫إ‬
ِ‫ت بِ َه ا م َن ال َْمغْ ِرب‬ ِ ْ‫س من الْم ْش ِر ِق فَأ‬ ِ ِ َ َ
ِ ُ َ
ِ ‫إِبر‬
َ َ ِ ‫م‬
ْ َّ
‫الش‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ْ
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬
َ ‫ه‬
َ ‫ل‬
ّ ‫ال‬ َّ
‫ن‬ ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ ‫يم‬
ُ ‫اه‬ َ ْ
)258 :‫ين) (البقرة‬ ‫م‬ ِ
ِ ‫ت الَّ ِذي َك َفر واللّهُ الَ ي ْه ِدي الْ َقوم الظَّال‬ َ ِ
‫ه‬ ‫َفب‬
َ َ ْ
"Had you not turned your vision to one who disputed with
َ َ َ ُ
Ibrahim about his Lord because Allah had granted him power?
Ibrahim said, "My Lord is one who gave life and death." He said,
"I also gave life and death". But it is Allah who causes the sun to
rise in the East and do you then cause him to rise in the west?
Thus the disbeliever utterly defeated. And Allah guides not the
people who are unjust.” (2:258)

40
  Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was asked not to
engage with futile arguments with People of Book
but only argue with the best means.
‫ين ظَلَ ُموا‬ ِ َّ‫اب إِاَّل بِالَّتِ ي ِهي أَحس ن إِاَّل ال‬
‫ذ‬ ِ َِ ‫ادلُوا أ َْهل ال‬
‫ت‬ ‫ْك‬ ِ ‫(واَل تُج‬
َ َُْ َ َ َ َ
ِْ
‫ُنز َل إِلَْي ُك ْم َوإِلَ ُهنَا َوإِلَ ُه ُك ْم‬ ِ ‫آمنَّا بِالَّ ِذي أ‬
ِ ‫ُنز َل إِلَْينَا َوأ‬ َ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ق‬
ُ ‫و‬َ ‫م‬
ْ ‫ه‬
ُ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬
)46 :‫اح ٌد َونَ ْح ُن لَهُ ُم ْس ِل ُمو َن) (العنكبوت‬ ِ‫و‬
"Dispute not with the people of the Book except with
َ
means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with
those of them who inflict wrong (and injury) but say,
we believed in the Revelation which had come down
to us and what came down to you. Our God and your
God is One and it is to Him we bow." (al-Ankabut :46).

41
The above Qur’anic verse shows us the right way
how to deal with others and especially with Ahl al-
Kitab. Thus, we Muslims should:
1.avoid arguments that disrupt the harmony of
Muslims and Ahl al-Kitab,
2.avoid mere disputations as they create confusion
only,
3.adopt a way sanctioned by Allah. It is exceptional if
the Ahl al-Kitab just wanted to harm us.
4.look for common points such as God is the Creator
of every thing. We believe in the revelation they
received. Our God and their God is One and we bow
and submit.
42
 Term society means:
a system in which people live together in
organized communities
 people in general
 a community of people living in a particular
country or region and having shared
customs, laws, organizations, etc.
 a club or an association
 an organization of people formed for a
particular purpose. Etc,
 Islam pays due respect of other’s faith, race and
ethnic and promote a life of harmony with each
other. Allah says ; “If Allah had pleased He would
have created all human being a single nation but
He did not do so in order to test them, that is to
say whether they can live in harmony with each
other despite of their differences in laws and
ways of life (5:48)
 Islam accepts the concept of dignity of all
children of Adam (17:70) – irrespective of their
race, tribe, nationality and languages.
 Islam asserts the different beliefs and ways of
worshipping God – does not insult those whom
disbelievers worship their God. (6:108)
 No religious place should be demolished. (22:
40).
We Muslims have to preach Islamic values to others
through inter-religious relations, like inter-faith or inter-
religious dialogue. We have to bear in mind that:
1.All men are equally the object of the Muslim’s Da‘wah

2.The Muslim cannot rest until all men have achieved

divine purpose related to their creation.
3.Priorities: The nearer being always the first entitled to
the Muslim’s efforts; but the most distant being finally
just as entitled to those efforts as the nearest.
4.The first condition Islam lays for such effort is that it
involves no coercion or compulsion.

46
5. The Qur’an specifies the means of persuasion to
be used (Q 16:125), knowing the trickery of inter-
human relations and the possibility of
brainwashing, pressuring, etc.
6. If non-Muslims are not convinced, the Muslim will
leave them alone. But certainly the Muslim is to try
again and never give up.
7. As long as resistance is ideational, the Muslim is
bound to respect it.
8. The recourse to violence is justified only to put an
end to the violent obstruction, never to force the
non-Muslims into conversion to Islam.

47
9. All men are equal members of a universal
religious brotherhood under the concept of
din al-fitrah (original religion).
10. Rather than seeking to find out how much
other religions agree with each other, if at
all, let us see how far both religious
traditions agree with din al-fitrah.
11. Seeking the historical development of
religious traditions whether they are in
agreement with din al-fitrah or not, rather
than assuming that each religion is Divine.

48