Organizing Engineering

Research Papers (14)

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Whereas product quality in manufacturing is often evaluated using
process capability analysis, the process capability index (PCI) assesses
product quality via quantification measurements. Consequently, process yield is
closely related to PCI. In addition to providing valuable process or product-
related information for quality control engineers, process yield reflects the
degree of product quality in an enterprise.
As is well known, Cp, Cpk and Cpm are commonly used PCIs in
manufacturing. While the sample statistic is utilized to approximate the
population parameters, , and are not the unbiased estimator(s OK?) of Cp,
Cpk and Cpm. Additionally, the probability density functions (PDFs) of these
indices are difficult to obtain, thus complicating the computing task of the
confidence interval for these indices.
Otherwise, the most commonly used index Cpk has an
inequality relationship, not a one-by-one relationship, with process yield.
The inability to achieve an equality relationship makes it
impossible to construct the confidence interval of process yield through Cpk
and other indices.
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Based on the above, we should develop a
standardized procedure to determine the process yield
through PCI in order to generate the confidence interval.
To do so, the confidence interval of
process yield can be constructed based on the index Spk,
which is defined by Boyles (1994) as having a one-by-one
relationship with process yield. The confidence interval of
process yield can then be approximated according to Spk
by adopting a repeated sampling method called Bootstrap
Simulation. Next, reliability of the simulation results can be
confirmed by performing verification analysis. Additionally,
the effect of various combinations of simulation parameters
can be determined using sensitivity analysis.
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As anticipated, the proposed
standardized procedure involves use of a Visual
Basic-based application program for engineers
without a statistical background.
Importantly, in addition to providing
another means of obtaining the confidence interval
of process yield based on bootstrap simulation, the
proposed method can be easily implemented in
enterprises to determine product more precisely
and facilitate decision making.
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Despite the increasing application of wireless
communications in daily life, the data rate of a wireless network is
markedly lower than that of a cable network, i.e. a significant difference
in speed of downloading audio or video information.
Although the recently developed multi-input multi-output
(MIMO) system can significantly increase the transfer speed, its system
performance is substantially lower than that of conventional methods,
i.e. a single-input single-output (SISO) method.
For instance, MIMO and SISO systems differ with
respect toe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by several decibels in an indoor
environment.
A loss of several decibels in SNR markedly degrades
system performance. Hence, although implementing a MIO system
yields a higher data rate, the error probability of information is
extremely high and data should be delivered repeatedly.
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Based on the above, we should develop an advanced
channel coding scheme for MIMO systems to reduce the SNR loss
since some erroneous information should be averted without
transferring again. Nevertheless, the capacity of channel coding is
limited, i.e. the code can not ensure that MIMO systems perform as well
as SISO systems.
To do so, a joint signal detection and channel coding
scheme can be developed. An effective means of detecting signals
deemed appropriate for the MIMO system can then be identified. Next,
a reliable advanced channel coding scheme can be designed, capable
of eliminating most communication errors. Additionally, a detection and
coding scheme can be jointly designed to achieve a low data error rate
in MIMO systems.
As anticipated, the joint detection and decoding
capabilities of the enhanced MIMO systems closely match those of
SISO systems.
, thus upgrading the system performance of MIMO
significantly and yielding a high data rate without a high data error rate.
Further details can be found at
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