Properties of Matter

Physical property: measurement or observation that do

not change composition or identity. E.g.: color,
melting point, density

Physical changes: no change in substance

Chemical property: observed through change in

substance

Chemical change/reaction: one substance is converted

into a different substance

See Sample Problem 1.1, p. 5.

States Ability
Shape & Compres
of to Energy of Attraction
Volume s-ibility
Matter Flow

Conforms to Energy of attraction small relative to

shape & the energy of motion; large
Gas volume of
High High
separation of particles; random
container movement

Conforms to
Stronger attraction; shorter distance
container;
Moderat between particles; but kinetic
Liquid volume Low
e energy keeps particles moving
limited by
around
the surface

Maintains Attractive forces dominate (i.e.

Almost Almost
Solid own shape &
none none
bonding); kinetic energy motion very
volume limited
change

Multiple forms of energy

• Mechanical: force = mass x distance

• Radiation energy
• Heat or thermal energy: energy associated
with random motion of atoms/ molecules
• Potential energy: energy by virtue of
position
• Chemical energy: energy stored in a
molecule, based on type and arrangement
of atoms
• Kinetic energy: energy due to an object’s
motion

Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy is

neither created or destroyed—It is always
Decimal Prefixes with SI Units
Symbo
Prefix Meaning Notes
l
tera T 1x1012 External hard drives: 1 - 8 TB

giga G 1x109 1 metric ton TNT contains 4.184 GJ energy

mega M 1x106
kilo k 1x103 Newborn baby avg weight: 2.5 - 5 kg

deci d 1x10-1
centi c 1x10-2
Airlines now limit carry-on liquids to 100
milli m 1x10-3 ml
micro 𝜇 1x10-6 Air quality std for Pb is 0.15 𝜇g/m3
nano n 1x10-9 Graphene layer thickness ~ 1 nm

pico p 1x10-12 H2 bond length = 74 pm

10-10 m (100 Older unit of measure; O2 bond length =

[Angstrom] Å pm) 1.21 Å
Temperature vs Heat

Temperature (T): relative measure of how hot or

cold a substance is relative to another substance

Heat: the energy that flows between objects

Compare: a cup of tea at 70 oC vs a bathtub of warm water at 40

o
C
• Which is hotter?
• Which has more heat?

Three standard measures of Temperature:

Fahrenheit (oF), Celsius (oC)(or Centigrade), Kelvin
(K) (or Absolute)

Boiling pt of H2O (at 1 atm): 100 oC = 212 oF = 373.15 K

o
F = 9/5 (oC) + 32 o
C=K-
Description : Le LNG RIVERS arrive à Brest pour son
premier carénage Lieu : goulet de Brest (Bretagne)
Date : Aout 2005 Auteur : Pline Photo personnelle
Problem Solving: Dimensional
Analysis

A. A person weighs 162 pounds (lb). What is his

weight in milligrams (mg)?

B. Calculate the number of cubic centimeters

(cm3) in 6.2 m3?

C. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. Convert

the density to kg/m3.
Agility with Equations

1. The explosion of a small atomic bomb releases about 5.0 x

1013 J of energy. What is the energy equivalent in calories? [1
cal = 4.184 J]

2. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many grams of

mercury will
occupy a volume of 95.8 ml? [density = mass/volume]

3. The speed of light 3.0 x 1010 cm/s. How many miles does light
travel in
one hour?

4. The normal body temperature is 98.6 oF. What is this in oC?

[oF =9/5(oC) + 32]

5. (a) Calculate (8.0 x104) x (5.24 x102); and (b). (2.0 x 10-8)/ (5.0
x 10-9).