Confined Space Entry

Introduction
Confined space training is aimed at creating

awareness for all workers who may have to work in

confined spaces in the execution of their duties. This

training sets out efficient standard and safe methods

through which work can be carried out and to reduce

to as low as possible all envisaged hazards

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 A quick entry in to the pipe to check the back weld
on the joint without permit and gas test claimed the
welder’s life… What went wrong?

SAKHALIN LNG PHASE 2 PROJECT 2006-07-23

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 What is a Confined Space?
A confined space is any enclosed or partially
enclosed space located either above or below
ground or deck level where entry is possible and
where there is a risk of oxygen deficiency or
enrichment, or the accumulation of dust or gases
which are flammable or hazardous to a person’s
health or where there may be other physical
hazards.
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 Criteria

 Large enough to enter and perform work

 Has limited or restricted access and
egress
 Not designed for continuous human
occupancy

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 Examples Of Confined Spaces
 Vaults
 Pipes
 Boilers
 Furnaces
 Silos
 Ducts

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 Examples Of Confined Spaces

 Tanks
 Manholes
 Pits
 Tunnels
 Sewers
 Trenches

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 Entry into these, or any
other , confined spaces
refers not only to
complete body entry but
also to partial entry when
the head is inserted into
the confined space
through a manhole or
other opening

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 Entry Procedures
Entry into a confined space must only be carried out
when it is absolutely essential with the following
controls
 Review of entry permit
 Familiarize personnel with confined space hazards
 Train personnel on safeguards and test equipment
 Provision of qualified and authorize supervision
 Establish emergency plan and training
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 Responsibilities
Supervisor:
 To assure adequate protection is provided to the
entrants by verifying adequate lockout/tagout and
that all hazards are securely isolated
 To support attendant’s authority in controlling
access to a confined space
 To verify that all personnel have exited prior to
closing the space
 To assure that all personnel involved are aware
of the hazards associated with the space
 Health & safety requirements
 Familiar with the Confined Space Entry
Procedure and Emergency Plan

10  Rescue Services are available prior to entry

 Responsibilities
Attendants/hole watch:
 Checking personnel in/out of confined
space.
 To be alert always, never leaving duty
post until work is completed
 Maintaining contact (visual, verbal, tag
line, whistle).
 Establish and agree with personnel, an
emergency signal for evacuation
 Ability to summon help through radio,
phone for rescue, medical help
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 Responsibilities
Attendant/hole watch
Rescue
Tripod
 To assist physically any time
when necessary
 To be fully aware that his entry
is not permitted whatsoever First Aid kit &
Fire Extinguisher SCBA

 To be familiar with the use of

Tag line
self contained breathing
apparatus, First aid kit & other Ventilator

rescue equipment on standby

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 Responsibilities
Entrants:
 To assure that the space has been
adequately ventilated, isolated, emptied, AUTHORIZATION CARD
or otherwise made safe for entry. LNG Project
 To immediately exit a space, without WORK AT CONFINED SPACE
Name: James Bond AC # 007
question, upon word of the attendant, no Company: Daewoo E&C
matter what the reason. Date of Issue: 30/02/07
 To follow all safety rules and procedures Issued by:____________
that apply to the job.
 To be familiar with the work to be
performed and the procedures that apply
NOTE: Daewoo E & C
to the job.
This Authorization Card permits to conduct
 To use the appropriate PPE whenever specified works\activities only.
If lost or damaged report to Daewoo HSE
necessary. Department.
Reissue shall cost 3 USD and be born by the
 Must be completed the training required bearer
prior to entry.

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 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
 SCBA uses a source of breathable air
carried by the wearer. Although this
greatly enhances the mobility of the
wearer it limits the duration of
protection. At a moderate work rate,
using approximately 40 liters per
volume, most SCBA used in confined
space situations have a rated duration
of 30 to 60 minutes.

 SCBA consist of the following: Face

piece, Breathing tube, Air supply tube,
Regulator, Exhalation valve, Air
Cylinder and valve.

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 Confined Space Hazards
Hazards associated with confined space are mainly:
 Oxygen deficiency / enrichment

 Fire & explosion

 Chemical hazards / toxic atmospheres
 Physical hazards & use of electrical equipment within the confined space
 Limited access into & egress from the confined space

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 Pre-entry Consideration
Permit - Confined space permit must include;
 Identification of job, location and hazards
 Work commencement date
 Permit revalidation
 Frequency of Gas monitoring
 All isolation required and other conditions
needed
 Signature of all authorize persons
 A copy of the approved permit must be
maintained at the work location
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Isolation

The confined space must be isolated from all ISOLATION

WITH BLIND
potential dangers such as ingress of fumes BLINDING

by blinding, disconnecting or blanking all

lines connected to the confined space. A full

permit to work system must be used to

record the location and types of isolation,

and the hazards being guarded against.

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 Pre-entry Consideration
Ignition source
 All possible sources of ignition must be
removed from the work area
 Gas cylinders must NEVER be placed
INSIDE any confined space

Electrical / Hydraulic equipment

 Any electrical/hydraulic driven
equipment must be de
energized/depressurized
 Isolation must tagged/locked out
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Heat stress
 Work area must either be ventilated,
cooled or;
 Two crews be assigned for alternate rest
periods
Radiation
 Every source of radiation must either be
eliminated or
 Shielded to avoid radioactive
contamination of the workplace
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Testing and Monitoring
 All confined spaces must
Always test the
tested for O2 and other air at various levels
to be sure that the
gas before entry entire space is safe.
 At intervals. Frequency
Good Air
must be documented on
permit
 Testing, documentation to Good air near Poor Air
be done by Qualified Gas the opening
does NOT
Tester mean there is
Deadly
good air at the
 Personnel will only be bottom! Air

permitted when readings

are within limits.
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Testing and Monitoring
Check for Oxygen Content:
At least 19.5% and less than
23.5%
Check for Combustibles:
Must be less than 10% of its
LEL
Check for Toxic Gasses:
Most commonly Carbon
WARNING:
Monoxide (PEL <35 ppm) Any time a limit is exceeded, no matter
or any other hazardous what is the reason, all personnel shall
immediately exit the space, and no one
materials as determined by shall enter until atmospheric conditions
are returned to safe levels.
the use of the space.
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Ventilation where
necessary must be by
either natural or
mechanical means VENTILATION
In case of flammable and
toxic vapors the space will
be force ventilated for
24hrs prior to entry
Such equipment must be
properly checked to be free
of contaminants
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Personal Protective
Equipment
 All necessary PPE must be
worn prior to entry and shall
be mandatory such Full body
harness with tag line and
SCBA if necessary.
Fire Protection
 Appropriate fire prevention
measures must be in place
 All combustible materials
must be removed from the
23 work area.
 Pre-entry Consideration
Illumination
 Extra Low Voltage (ELV) lighting (less than
50 volts) power supply coming from Step
Down Transformer
 Battery powered lighting
 Hand held torches
 Chemical light stick
 Protective guards on lights/bulbs to prevent
breakage

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 Pre-entry Consideration
Illumination
110~220v mobile or fixed lighting fixtures can only
be used subject to the following condition;
 When low voltage is unable to illuminate work area
properly
 Full isolation transformer with ELCB
 Lighting fixtures that are double insulated

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 Pre-entry Consideration
Electrical hand held tools & equipment:
Shall conform to the following:-
 Full isolation step-down transformer
 Battery operated

Special considerations :-
 Explosion proof lighting, torches, tools & equipment are to be
used in potentially flammable areas
 All cables are to be run through alternate opening and tied up
 If no alternate, use hand held torches
 All transformers should be protected

NB: All transformers, ELCBs must remain outside the confined

space
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 Pre-entry Consideration
Access & Egress
Adequate access to and egress from
all confined spaces will be provided:
 Ladders
 Scaffold or
 Purpose made access platforms.
The confined space working area
will be organized in such a manner
as to provide as much unhindered
work space as practicable

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 Pre-entry Consideration
Selection of Personnel
 All personnel selected to enter any
confined environment must be
trained including the attendant/hole
Sign
watch here
 They must be conversant with the
operation of all emergency
equipment

Unauthorised Entry
 All entrants shall sign the sign in log
when entering the space and sign out
when exiting.
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 Permit To Work
 HSE supervisor must be satisfied that
the gas test revealed no presence of CONFINED
SPACE
combustible/toxic gas ENTRY
 Every entry into a confined space must PERMIT
be by permit to work system
 Permit issuer must satisfied that all
necessary precautions have been taken
and provisions made to secure the
safety of those entering the confined DANGER

space before signing the PTW CONFINED

SPACE PERMIT
REQUIRED
 The signed PTW thus gives an
assurance that work may safely take
place
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 Permit To Work
 Toxic gases and oxygen content shall be between
>19.5% and <23.5%
 All other safety provisions such as hole watch, lifelines,
adequate ventilation, communication, standby rescue
equipment shall be provided.
 All personnel must attend the required training program,
fully understood the entire confined space entry
procedure
 Other permit may be needed in working inside confined
space (e.g. Hotwork Permit, Cold work permit, etc…)

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 Rescue Equipment
 Every person entering the
confined space wearing
breathing apparatus must
also wear a safety
harness
 The harness must be
attached to a life line
 Life line is attended to by
a person outside the
confined pace
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 Rescue
 The arrangements for the rescue of
persons in the event of an
Rescue
emergency need to be suitable and
sufficient.
 The arrangements should be in
place before any persons enter or
work in a confined space
 If a person is injured in a confined
space which has been certified safe
to enter without respiratory
protection, an entry can be made to
rescue and remove them straight
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 Summary
Safety in a confined space can only be achieved by;

• Use of a permit to work system

• Proper implementation of
Confined Space Procedure

• Hazards are identified and corrected

• Proper tools & Equipment is utilized
• Proper Supervision
GO OUT IN THAT SPACE SAFE
33 FOLLOW SAFETY PROCEDURE