Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Rank order
Schmuggles 165 132
and choose
Bopsey 213 148
middle value.
Pallitto 189 151
Homer 187
If even then 165
Schnickerson 165
average 165
Levin 148
between two 187
Honkey-Doorey 251
in the middle 189
Zingers 308
Boehmer 151 199
Queenie 132 213
Googles-Boop 199 227
Calzone 227 251
194.6 308
Percentiles
• If we know the median, then we can go up
or down and rank the data as being above
or below certain thresholds.
Schmuggles 165
What is the mode?
Bopsey 213
Pallitto 189
Homer 187 Answer: 165
Schnickerson 165
Levin 148 Important descriptive
Honkey-Doorey 251 information that may help
Zingers 308 inform your research and
Boehmer 151 diagnose problems like lack
Queenie 132
of variability.
Googles-Boop 199
Calzone 227
Measures of Dispersion (not something
you cast…)
S = ( X X ) 2
(n - 1)
=square root
=sum (sigma)
X=score for each point in data
_
X=mean of scores for the variable
n=sample size (number of
observations or cases
X X- mean x-mean squared
Smuggle 165 -29.6 875.2
Bopsey 213 18.4 339.2
Pallitto 189 -5.6 31.2
Homer 187 -7.6 57.5
Schnickerson 165 -29.6 875.2
Levin 148 -46.6 2170.0
Honkey-Doorey 251 56.4 3182.8
Zingers 308 113.4 12863.3
Boehmer 151 -43.6 1899.5
Queeny 132 -62.6 3916.7
Googles-boop 199 4.4 19.5
Calzone 227 32.4 1050.8
Mean 194.6 2480.1 49.8
We can see that the Standard Deviation equals 165.2
pounds. The weight of Zinger is still likely skewing this
calculation (indirectly through the mean).
Example of S in use
• Boehmer- Sobek paper.
– One standard deviation increase in
the value of X variable increases the
Probability of Y occurring by some
amount.
Table 2: Development and Relative Risk of Territorial Claim
Probability* % Change
Baseline 0.0401
development 0.0024 -94.3
Change in prob after 1 sd change in given x variable, holding others at their means
Let’s go to computers!
• Type in data in the Excel sheet.
Variance
( X X ) 2
2=
S (n - 1)
• Note that this is the same equation except for
no square root taken.
3.5
3
2.5
2
Number
1.5
1
0.5
0
130-150 151-185 186-210 211-240 241-270 271-310 311+
Here it is another histogram depicted
as a bar graph.
311+
271-310
241-270
211-240 Number
186-210
151-185
130-150
130-150
151-185
186-210
211-240
241-270
271-310
311+
Actually, why not use a donut
graph. Duh!
Proportions of Donut-Eating Professors by Weight Class
130-150
151-185
186-210
211-240
241-270
271-310
311+
90
80
Approval
70
Approval
60
50
40
30
Economic approval
20
10
Month
Scatter Plot (Two variable)
100
80
Approval
60
Approve
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Unemployment