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Water
way Culvert or
Bridge
Water
way Water
way
Water Water
way Syphon or way
Aqueduct
Tail
escape
Culvert
The culvert is a closed conduit (pipe or
box section) constructed to carry the
discharge of a waterway under a road.
The selection of the type of the culvert is
based on the discharge as follows:
• For Q ≤ 3.0 m3/sec use Pipe culvert.
• For Q ≤ 12.0 m3/sec use Box section.
≤ .15 m
≥ .3 m
D
S
H
Hydraulic Design
V2
Hl (C e C f C o )
2g
Where Hl is the head losses in m
V is the velocity in m/sec
g is the acceleration of gravity
Ce is the entrance coefficient of
loss (= 0.5 )
Cf is the friction coefficient
Co is the outlet coefficient of losses
( = 1.0 )
Friction coefficient can be calculated as
follows,
L
Cf f
m
Where f is coefficient depends on the culvert
material and dimension, L is the length of
the culvert and m is the hydraulic radius.
b
f a (1 )
m
The coefficient a and b are constant and
depends on the material of the conduit.
For Steel: a = 0.0048, b = 0.0256
For Concrete: a = 0.00316, b= 0.0305
• Example 1:
Design a culvert under a road. The
discharge is 3 m3/sec and the water depth
is 1.8 m. The culvert length is 20 m.
• Sol.
Q = 3 m3/sec * use pipe culvert
assume V=1.3 m/sec
A = Q/V = 2.31 m2
A = ∏ D2/4 * D = 1.7 m
However, D ≤ 1.8 – 0.3 … 1.5 m
Then use 2 pipes …one pipe A = 1.155 m2