FIR Filter

Design
Dr.G.Ramesh babu
DESIGNING OF FIR FILTER

 Fourier Series method.

Filter design using windowing

techniques (Rectangular Window,
Hamming Window, Hanning
Window),

Frequency sampling techniques

 Type-1 Linear-phase FIR filter:
Symmetrical impulse response, N odd
In this case, beta=0, alpha=(N-1)/2 is an integer, and h(n)=h(N-1-n), 0<=n<=N-1. Then

 ( N 1) / 2
  jw ( N 1) / 2
H (e )    a ( n ) cos wn  e
jw

 n0 
 N 1
a (0)  h  : the middle sample
 2 
 N 1  N 3
a ( n )  2 h  n , 1  n 
 2  2

( N 1) / 2
H r ( w)   a ( n ) cos wn
n0
 Type-2 Linear-phase FIR filter:
Symmetrical impulse response, N even
In this case, beta=0, h(n)=h(N-1-n), 0<=n<=N-1, but alpha=(N-1)/2 is not an integer, and then

 N /2
  1     jw ( N 1) / 2
H ( e )    b ( n ) cos  w n     e
jw

 n 1   2  
N  N
b ( n )  2 h   n , n  1, 2,  ,
 2  2
N /2
  1 
H r ( w)   b ( n ) cos  w n   
n 1   2 
Note that Hr(pi)=0, hence we cannot use this type for highpass or bandstop filters.
 Type-3 Linear-phase FIR filter:
Antisymmetric impulse response, N odd
In this case, beta=pi/2, alpha=(N-1)/2 is an integer, and h(n)=-h(N-1-n), 0<=n<=N-1. Then

 ( N 1) / 2
 j  2   N21  w 
H ( e )    c ( n ) sin wn  e
jw

 n0 
 N 1  N 1
c ( n )  2 h  n , n  1, 2,  ,
 2  2
( N 1) / 2
H r ( w)   c ( n) sin wn
n0
Hr(0)=Hr(pi)=0, hence this type of filter is not suitable for designing a lowpass filter or a highpass filter.
 Type-4 Linear-phase FIR filter:
Antisymmetric impulse response, N even
This case is similar to Type-2. We have

 N /2
  1    j  2  w ( N 1) / 2 
H ( e )    d ( n ) sin  w n     e
jw

 n 1   2  
N  N
d ( n )  2 h   n , n  1, 2,  ,
 2  2
M /2
  1 
H r ( w)   d ( n ) sin  w n   
n 1   2 
Hr(0)=0 and exp(jpi/2)=j. Hence this type of filter is also suitable for designing digital Hilbert transforms
and differentiators.
 | H ( )
Practical Filter specifications |
IDEAL

 Filters
 Frequency-selective Filter
p 
 Three Stages
 Specifications
 Approximation of the Specifications.
 Realization

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