RESEARCH ETHICS

Hazel Marianne L. Mariano

RESEARCH ETHICS

 Scientific
writing demands clarity and
conciseness; two elements that often clash
with each other.

 The written work of an author represents

an implicit contract between the author of
that work and its readers.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL
PRACTICE
 Obtain informed consent from participants.

 There should be no pressure on individuals

to participate.

 Respect individual autonomy.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL
PRACTICE
 Avoid causing harm.

 Maintain anonymity and confidentiality.

 Takeparticular care in research with

vulnerable groups.
PLAGIARISM

 Itis the using of someone else’s words or

ideas, if you are careless in your note-
taking. This can mean that you get mixed
up over what is an exact quote, and what
you have written in your own words.
PLAGIARISM

 Plagiarismhas been traditionally defined as

the taking of words, images, ideas. Etc.
from an author and presenting them as
one’s own.
Always acknowledge the contributions of
others and the source of his/her ideas.
-t
Any verbatim text taken from another author
must be enclosed with quotation marks.
Sound of
Condense substantial amount of material
into a short paragraph or perhaps into a
sentence.
-n
When paraphrasing, you must reproduce
the exact meaning of the other authors’
ideas.
-me
The author must have a thorough
understanding of the ideas and terminology
being used in the original text.
When in doubt as to whether a concept or
fact is common knowledge, provide
citation.
Become familiar with basic elements of
copyright law.
Double – check your citations.
The references used should only be those
that are directly related to its contents.
Do not rely on secondary summaries of
others’ works.
-g
Authors have the responsibility to report evidence
that runs contrary to their point of view.
Report the results of the study without any
post hoc manipulations.
√
Only those who have made substantive
contributions to a project merit authorship.
INTELLECTUAL

 Philippinecopyright law is enshrined in the

Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines, officially known as RA no.
8293.
INTELLECTUAL

 The law is partly based on United States

copyright law and the principles of the
Berne Convention or the Protection of
Literary and Artistic Works
INTELLECTUAL

 Imprisonment of between 1 to 3 years and

a fine of between 50,000 to 150,000 pesos
for the first offense. Imprisonment of 3
years and 1 day to six years plus a fine of
between 150,000 to 500,000 pesos for the
second offense