CHAPTER I: NATURE OF INQUIRY

AND RESEARCH
B Y: H A Z E L M A R I A N N E L . M A R I A N O
 RESEARCH ETHICS
N AT U R E O F I N Q U I RY A N D R E S E A RC H
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Principle of Principle of
Integrity and Justice and
Honesty Fairness

Principle of
Principle of
Respect for
Safety and
Rights and
Beneficence
Dignity
PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY & HONESTY

• Seek to
preserve,
extend, and
communicate
truth.
PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY & HONESTY

Competence in Accuracy of
the conduct of research data
research and reports 
Acknowledgme
nt of sources Openness and
of responsibility
data/informati in research 
on
COMPETENCE

• Conduct all
activities in
accordance with
the standards.
ACCURACY

• Ensure the
accuracy of all
data presented
in your research.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

• Do not
plagiarize. Cite
clearly all
sources of info
and data.
OPENNESS AND RESPONSIBILITY

• Keep detailed
and complete
records of the
undertaking.
PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE & FAIRNESS

• The researcher
treats his peers,
colleagues, and
research
participants
justly and fairly.
PRINCIPLE OF SAFETY & BENEFICENCE

• The researcher
has to protect
and promote the
safety
and interests of
the community.
PRINCIPLE OF SAFETY & BENEFICENCE

Responsible
dissemination
of knowledge 

Promotion of
the interests
of the
community
RESPONSIBLE DISSEMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE

• Inform knowledge
pertaining to
practices,
attitudes, events,
and other
phenomena that
present significant
risk or benefit to
human welfare.
PROMOTION OF THE INTERESTS

• To the extent
that is possible,
conduct research
that serves the
needs and
promotes the
best interests of
the community.
PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS &
DIGNITY

• One is obligated
to uphold their
rights, dignity,
and autonomy of
participants.
PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS &
DIGNITY

Extension of
equal
treatment and
respect
Guarding
confidentiality
and autonomy
EXTENSION OF EQUAL TREATMENT & RESPECT

• Respect cultural,
individual and
role differences
among research
participants.
GUARDING CONFIDENTIALITY & AUTONOMY
RIGHTS 

• Protect
participants’
right to privacy
and
confidentiality.
Ensure that
informed
consent is
obtained from all
WHY ETHICS IS IMPORTANT

• Ethics promote
the aims of
research, such as
knowledge,
truth, and
avoidance of
error.
WHY ETHICS IS IMPORTANT

• Ethical standards
promote the
values that are
essential to
collaborative
work, such as
trust,
accountability,
mutual respect,
WHY ETHICS IS IMPORTANT
WHY ETHICS IS IMPORTANT
WHY ETHICS IS IMPORTANT
 COMPONENTS OF CONSENT

• The participant's consent to

Voluntari participate must be voluntary, free of
ness any coercion or promise of benefits.

• The potential subject must authorize

Consent his/her participation in the research
study, preferably in writing.
 COMPONENTS OF CONSENT

• The potential participant must be

Disclosur informed as fully as possible of the
e nature and purpose of the research.

• The participant must be given the

Understa opportunity to ask questions and
nding have them answered.
 COMPONENTS OF CONSENT

Compete • The participant must be competent

nce to give consent.
 HOW TO OBTAIN A CONSENT

Identify Produce Obtain

population. document. permission.

Give a copy
Answer Present
of the
questions. contents.
consent.

Allow time Meet Obtain

to consider. participant. consent.