Chapter One

Classification of Animal world

 Classification of Animal World
• Do all the animal look alike?
• Do all of them have vertebral column?
• Do they live in same habitat?
• Do all of them have same food?

NO
Do you know how many types of animal has been
invented yet?
Almost 15 Lacs.

By which criteria do they differ?

They are classified by-
• Habit & Habitat
• Characteristics
• Structure
• Biological activities
So, What is classification of Animal World?

• Morphological characteristics of the animals,

similarities and dissimilarities among them and their
interrelationship are the basis of the classification.
• Classification depends on different taxon serially step
wise.
• SPECIES is the lowest rank of taxonomic unit of
classification.
• The father of classification is Naturalist Carolus
Lennaeus.
 Scientific Name of Animals

• Carolus Lennaeus first invented the scientific

name of animals.
• Every scientific name of animals have two
parts.
• This is also called binomial name.
• This must be written in English or Latin form.
• The scientific name of human is Homo
sapiens.
 Classification of invertebrate animal
Animalia
Porifera Cnidria Platyheminthes Nematoda Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata Chordata

Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata

Cyclostomata Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia

 Porifera
Habit & Habitat:
• Known as SPONGE
• Found all over the world
• Mainly marine
• Live in fresh water
• Live in colonies

Characteristics:
• Multicellular Spongilla
• Body wall with numerous pores through
which food and oxygen enter into the body
• Mainly marine
• No compact tissue, organ or organ system

Scypha
 Cnidaria

Obelia
Hydra
 Cnidaria
Habit & Habitat:
• Known as phylum Coelenterata
• Found in almost all the regions of the world
• Mainly marine
• Found in canals, beels, rivers, lakes, fountains
• Diverse in shape, size and colour
• Some species live alone (soliary) and some in groups forming colonies
• Move or swim freely

Characteristics:
• Body consists of two embryonic layers. Outer one is ectoderm and
inner is endoderm.
• Body cavity known as Coelenteron which helps in digestion and
circulation.
• Ectoderm bears a special type of cell- Cnidoblast which helps in
locomotion, defense, capture of prey.
 Platyhelminthes

Liver fluke Tape worm

 Platyhelminthes
Habit & Habitat:
• Very colorful life style
• Many species live on other organ ; ecto-parasite and endo-parasite
• Some free living species live in fresh or saline water
• Some live in wet or damp soil

Characteristics:
• Body flat, bisexual and mostly parasitic.
• Ecto-parasite or endo-parasite
• Body covered with thick cuticle
• Body bears sucker and hooks
• Flame cell present and acting as excretory organ
• Digestive system is incomplete or absent
 Nematoda

Filaria worm
Round worm
 Nematoda
Habit & Habitat:
• Also called Nemathelminthes
• Many species are endo-parasite and live in the intestine and blood
• These parasite live in human body and cause harm to them
• Many free animals live in soil and water

Characteristics:
• Body tubular(cylindrical) and covered with thick skin
• Complete digestive system
• Mouth and anus present
• Unisexual
• Body cavity with lining and true coelom absent
• Respiratory and circulatory system absent
 Annelida

Earth worm Leech

 Annelida
Habit & Habitat:
• Found in almost all temperature and tropical region
• Many species are damp soil, fresh water
• Some live in deep sea water
• Few species drag their burrows in stone and soil

Characteristics:
• Body tubular and segmented
• Each segment contains satae which helps in locomotion (no setae in
leeches)
• Nephridia present as excretory system
Arthropoda
 Arthropoda
Habit & Habitat:
• Largest phylum of animal kingdom
• Live everywhere and every environment
• Many species are endo-parasite and ecto-parasite
• Many of them survive on land , in fresh water and in salty water
•Many species can fly with the help of wings

Characteristics:
• Body is segmented and joint appendages are present
• Head bears a pair of compound eyes and antenna
• Soft body is covered with hard chitinous exoskeleton
• Body cavity filled with blood and is known as haemocoel
 Mollusca
Habit & Habitat:
• Show diversity in their body from habit and habitat
• Live almost all environment
• Mainly marine
• Live in different zones of the sea
• Some live in hills and forest
• Some live in fresh water
Snail
Characteristics:
• Soft body covered with hard shell
• Muscular foot used for locomotion
• Gaseous exchange (respiration) takes place by
lungs or gills

Mussel
 Echinodermata
Habit & Habitat:
• Mainly marine
• Occur in all oceans of the world and all depth
• Live independently
• Some live in fresh water

Characteristics:
• Dermal skin bears spine
• Body is divided into five equal
parts(pentamerous)
• Unique water vascular system is present
• Locomotion is done by tube feet Star fish
•No distinct head, dorsal and ventral surface in
adults
 Chordata
Habit & Habitat:
• Live in all sorts of life
• Many species are terrestrial in habit
•

Characteristics:
•
 Urochordata

Characteristics:
•
 Cephalochordata

Characteristics:
•

Branchiostoma
 Vertebrata
Habit & Habitat:
•
 Cyclostomata

Characteristics:

• Body slender, eel-like, rounded with naked

skin
• Fish like in form
• True jaws and paired appendages absent
• Respiration by gills

Petromyzon
 Condrichthyes

Characteristics:
• All marine
• Cartilaginous skeleton
• Skin wth palcoid scales, 5-7 pairs of gills are
present on both side of the head
• Streamlined body with heterocercal tail but
no operculum

Hammer fish
 Osteichthyes

Characteristics:
• Mostly fresh water fish
• Skin with cycloid, ctenoid or ganoid scales,
some without scale
• Respiration primarily by gills. Four pair of gills
are present on both side of the head. Gills are
covered by operculum.

Hilsha fish
 Amphibia

Characteristics:
• Skin without scale
• Skin thin, soft, moist and with many glands
• Cold-blooded animal
• Lay eggs in water
•A tadpole hatches from the fertilized egg.

Toad
 Reptilia

Characteristics:
• Skin dry
• Move by crawling
• Each of the four legs contains five toes absent
in snakes and some lizard

Wall lizard
 Aves

Characteristics:
• Body is covered with feather
• Two wings, two legs and one beak
• The presence of air sacs with lung helps in
flight
• Warm blooded
•Bones are light, strong, delicate and laced
with air cavities

Magpie
 Mammalia
Characteristics:
• Body covered with hair
• Female mammal suckle their young on milk
from mammary gland
•Warm blooded animal
•Four chambered heart
•Teeth heterodont
•Give birth to child

Royal Bengal Tiger