Presentation of Linguistic

STANDARD LANGUAGE

A standard language is a variety of language that is

used by governments, in the media, in schools and
for international communication (used nationally
for official purposes).
If we think of Standard English, normaly taught in
the school or when we want to learn english as a
second or foreign language.
Commonly in the written context, not spoken
context.
"Although Standard English is the kind of English in
which all native speakers learn to read and write,
most people do not actually speak it.“

(Peter Trudgill and Jean Hannah, International

English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard
English, 5th ed. Routledge, 2013)
 Examples...

Standard • I have never done anything

Language like that.

Non-Standard • I ain't never done nothin' like

Language that.
 ACCENTS

The way in which people in

a particular area, country,
or social group pronounce
words.

To identify where an

individual speakers is
from, regionally.
Example...
 DIALECT

A dialect is a form of the language that is spoken in a

particular part of the country or by a particular group
of people.

There are many different dialects of English and they

have different words and grammar.
 Examples...

Conversation between Irish person (speaker A), and

British visitors (speaker B and C).

A : how long are youse here?

B : ‘till Easter.
(speaker A looked puzzled)
C : we came on Sunday.
A : ah. Youse here a while then.
 Examples...

British English American English

• Have you got • Do you have

the time? the time?
 Billingualism

In many countries regional variation is not simply a

matter of two (or more) dialects of a single language,
but can involve two (or more) quite distinct and
different languages.

Individual bilingualism is the result of two parents

who speak different languages.
 Example...

Canada is a bilingulism country (English majority

and French minority)
 Diglossia

Refers to a situation in which involving two  varieties

of dialects or languages are used by a single language
community.
 Example...

In Arab speaking countries:

 the high variety (Classical Arabic) is used in formal lectures,
serious political events, religious discussions, etc.
 The low variety is the local Egyptian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic,
Lebanese Arabic, etc.