DRAFTING 7

Basic Geometric Elements - Points

A point: Represents a location in space or
on a drawing and has no width, height, or depth.
It refers to a geometrical construction
without any dimension. It only shows
position
 Lines
- this is a figure made
by a moving point.
- It has length.

• Horizontal line
• Vertical line
• Inclined line
• Perpendicular lines
• Parallel lines
 Basic Geometric Elements - Lines

Perpendicular Lines – two

lines that intersect to form
right angles.
PARALLEL LINES- refers to two or
more lines equidistant from
each other at all points and
they never met.

„ Other common forms of

lines are arcs and free
curves.
-perpendicular lines might be marked with a box
to indicate perpendicularity, the symbol ⊥ means
perpendicular lines.
 Basic Geometric Elements - Angles

ANGLE- refers to the space or

opening between two straight lines
that meet.
Right angle – is an angle that
contains 90°
Acute angle - is an angle that is
less than 90°
Obtuse angles- is an angle that
is more than 90° but less than 180°
Reflex angle - is an angle that is
more than 180°
Straight angle- is an angle
having 180°
 Basic Geometric Elements - Angles

2-Angles are
„

Complementary if
they total 90º.
„

2-Angles are
Supplementary if they
total 180º.
 Geometric Construction - Triangles

„ A triangle is a plane
figure bounded by
three straight sides.

„ The sum of the

interior angles is
always

„ Any triangle
inscribed in a
semicircle is a right
triangle if the
hypotenuse
coincides with the
diameter.
 Geometric Construction - Quadrilaterals

„ A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by 4-straight sides. „ If the

opposite sides are parallel, the quadrilateral is also called parallelogram
Bisect- to divide a line into two equal parts

Trisect- to divide a line into 3 equal parts

Tangent- a line which touches the circumference of the circle.
Arc- a portion or a segment of a circumference of the circle
Circumference- the entire length of the circular extremities of the circle.
Radius- the shortest distance from a point and the circumference to the
center of the circle.
Chord- a straight line connecting two points in the circumference to the
circle.
Segment- a part of the circle bounded by an arc and a chord.
Diameter- the distance from 2 points of the circumference passing through
the center.
Center- a place figure bounded by the circumference that is equidistant
from a common point, the center.
Sector- is the portion of a circle enclosed by

two radii and an arc

tangent
(Greek word)

Poly- many and gon- angle, so polygon means many angles.

POLYGON- a closed plane figure, having three or more straight sides.

Regular Polygons- is a plane figure whose sides are all the same
length and all angles are equal.

Some common polygons are:

•Triangle, trigon, trilateral - a three-sided polygon
•Quadrilateral, square- 4 sides
•pentagon - a five-sided polygon
•hexagon - a six-sided polygon
•heptagon - a seven-sided polygon
•octagon - an eight-sided p
• nonagon - a nine-sided polygon
• decagon - a polygon with 10 sides
• undecagon - an eleven-sided polygon
• dodecagon - a twelve-sided polygon
Dividing a line into equal parts