Presentation

on
ARI, TB,
ALD
 Introduction

– Acute respiratory infection is the infections of the

respiratory tract which are the most common . They
are source of discomfort, disability and loss of time
for most adults, they are a substantial cause of
morbidity and mortality in young children and the
elderly.
 Definition

– Acute respiratory infections (ARI) is an infection that

prevents from normal breathing function where
there is inflammation on the respiratory tract
anywhere from nose to alveoli.
 Clinical features

– Running nose
– Cough
– Sore throat
– Difficult breathing
– Fever
 Causes / Etiology

– Microbial agents
– Bacteria
– Virus
– Other agents
 Role of community
nurse in managing ARI:
– Encourage the community to reduce smoking/ quit
smoking.
– Make every person in the community to get
vaccination to reduce the incidence of ARI.
– Avoid overcrowded area and dusty area.
– Use of face mask to reduce infection.
Introduction on ALD
– It is the major cause of liver disease in western
countries. Alcohol is the most frequent cause of liver
cirrhosis. And alcohol liver disease is damage to the
liver and its function due to alcohol abuse. Three most
widely recognized forms of alcoholic liver disease are
alcoholic fatty liver( steatosis ),acute alcoholic
hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis.
Definition;

– Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the

liver manifestations of alcohol over consumption,
Including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and chronic
hapatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
 Causes
– Not all heavy regular drinkers develop liver damage.
it is not known why alcoholic liver disease affects
some people and not others.

– Acetaldehyde is toxic chemical that is produced by

the body’s break down of alcohol. It damages the
liver and leads to liver scarring and inflammation.
 Risk factors

– Quantity of alcohol taken

– Pattern of drinking
– Diet
– Sex
Signs & symptoms
– Once alcoholic liver disease progresses, its
symptoms become easier to recognize.
 Jaundice, or a yellow tint of the whities of the eyes
and skin
 Edema or swelling of the lower limbs
 A buildup of fluid in the abdomen
 Fever and shivering
 Extremely itchy skin.
 Treatment
– The first step in treating any level of alcoholic liver
disease focuses on removing alcohol from the diet.

– Abstinence
Abstinence from alcohol is one of the ways to make
alcoholic liver disease reversible.
Roles of community health
nurses in managing ALD

– Give health talk about how harmful can be

consumption of alcohol,
– Explain how it affects our liver,
– To advice people in the community not to drink
alcohol,
– Make people aware by telling how alcohol affects not
only individual but also their family members and the
people around them.
Tuberculosis
 Introduction

– Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a contagious

bacterial infection that can be found nearly anywhere
in the body, but is found most commonly in lungs.
– To get more insight to this, we must look at how TB
works, where it is active and how it can be treated at
the moment.
 Definition

– Tuberculosis is a specific infectious disease caused by

mycobacterium tuberculosis.
– The disease primarily affects lungs and causes
pulmonary tuberculosis. It can also affect intestine,
meninges, bones and joints, lymph glands, skin and
other tissue of the body.
 Risk Factor
Weakened immune system
- HIV / AIDS Causes of
- Chronic lungs disease TB
- Alcoholism
Mycobacterium
- Diabetic mellitus etc Tuberculosis
- Traveling or living in certain
area
- Poverty and substance abuse
Sign and symptoms

 Cough up phlegm
 Cough up blood
 Have a consistent fever including low grade fever
 Have chest pains
 Have unexplained weight loss
 Management

Medical Management
 Isoniazid
 Pyrazinamide
 Ethambutol (myambutol)
 Rifampin (rifadin)
Roles of community health nurse
in managing tuberculosis control

Being community health nurse, can follow following methods to

control, care and prevent the occurrence of tuberculosis.
Case Finding:
a/The case

The first stem is detect sputum

positive case.
This should be an intensive, on going
programme.
b/Target Group

– An overwhelming majority of patient pulmonary

tuberculosis have one or more of the symptoms
referable to chest, such as persistent cough and fever
and many of them seek medical advice on their own
initiative.
The chest symptoms often develop early, that is before
the disease has gone on to an advanced stage. This is
the most fertile group for case findings.
Give a health talk to community
on importance of hospital or near
by health center visit for sputum
examination.

Protect our family and friends

-Ventilate the room
- Cover the mouth
-Wear a mask
– Give knowledge on importance of taking and finishing
entire course of medication
– Advice people to take healthy nutrition diet
– Educate on disposal of used tissue
– Importance of Isolation
 Conclusion

– Acute respiratory infection is a serious infection that

prevents normal breathing functions. While it is almost
impossible to avoid viruses and bacteria, certain risk
factors increases the likelihood of developing acute
respiratory infections.
– TB is a contagious bacterial infection that can be found
nearly anywhere in the body, but is found most
commonly in the lungs
Contd…

Chronic liver disease is characterized by scarring and

destruction of liver tissue.
It can be caused by variety of factors that damages the
liver.
So having known all those disease and its causes, one
should take steps towards healthy path to have
healthy life free from all the diseases.
 Reference

– Park, k; Community health nursing, Reed Elsevier. India

Private Limited .
– Black MJ and Hawks, JH :Medical Surgical Nursing.
Volume II : Reed Elsevier India Private Ltd.
– Https :// www.wikipedia.com