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 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT?

 Emergency management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks, particularly
those that have catastrophic consequences for communities, regions, or entire countries.
 It is the dynamic process of preparing for, mitigating, responding to and recovering from an
emergency.
 Planning, though critical, is not the only component.
 Training, conducting drills, testing equipment and coordinating activities with the community
are other important functions.
 Effective emergency management relies on the integration of emergency plans at all levels
of government and non-government, including individuals and community organizations
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Emergency Preparedness and Its Organization

 To prevent incidents before becoming disastrous, an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is
implemented to minimize the potential damage to workers, community and the environment.
It is a coordinated set of protocols and an ordered list of events to take place or procedures
to be followed. Important elements in a program are the overall plans and the resources
required to execute the plans. The disaster management structure in Malaysia is divided
into 3 escalating levels of committee; district, state and federal with respective scope, tasks
and job functions.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Emergency Preparedness and Its Organization

 To prevent incidents before becoming disastrous, an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is
implemented to minimize the potential damage to workers, community and the environment.
It is a coordinated set of protocols and an ordered list of events to take place or procedures
to be followed. Important elements in a program are the overall plans and the resources
required to execute the plans. The disaster management structure in Malaysia is divided
into 3 escalating levels of committee; district, state and federal with respective scope, tasks
and job functions.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Emergency Management Related Laws in Malaysia

Related laws and standards in emergency management include:

  OSH (Control of Industrial Major Hazards Installation) Regulations 1996
  Fire Services (Fire Certificate) Regulations, 2001
  Uniform Building by-Laws (UBBL) 1984
  Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974
  Occupational Safety and Health Manageent Systems (OSHMS)
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

MITIGATION AND
PREVENTION

PREPARENESS
RECOVERY

RESPONSE

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 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

1 3
Mitigation 2 4
Response
& Prevention is Preparedness Recovery
Action can only
the first phase Action for life be done is all activities
involving and property effectively once necessary to
activities to rescue activities the restore the
prevent in the event of preparedness organization to
accidents and an emergency normal operation
emergencies is ready
 PROCESS OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Preparedness Phase
 Consists of activities carry out in advance before an emergency strike to improve response
to emergency

• E.g. hazard or risk analyses, training, drills and exercises, emergency plans and procedures,
emergency communications, joint cooperation consensus, warning systems procedures and
response planning.
 PROCESS OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Response Phase
 Consists of the immediate response to emergency by the ERT
 It is aim at containing the disaster so as to minimize loss of life and destruction to property.
 Includes measures such as :
– notification,
– implementation of emergency plans,
– activation of emergency operation centres,
– mobilization of resources,
– issuance of warnings and directions,
– provisions of medical and social services assistance,
– announcement of emergencies or disasters by the management.
 PROCESS OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Recovery Phase
 Consists of the immediate response to emergency by the ERT
 It is aim at containing the disaster so as to minimize loss of life and destruction to property.
 Includes measures such as :
– notification,
– implementation of emergency plans,
– activation of emergency operation centres,
– mobilization of resources,
– issuance of warnings and directions,
– provisions of medical and social services assistance,
– announcement of emergencies or disasters by the management.
 PROCESS OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Mitigation Phase
 It is the continuous ongoing endeavour to avert or reduce the impact that a hazardous
materials incident will have on people, property, and the environment

• Examples of mitigation activities would include the following:

 – Hazard Identification
 – Risk Analysis
 – Evaluation
 – Research
 – Education .
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Types and classes of emergency are divided by

hazard:

 Fire  Exposure to radiation beyond the limit

 Explosion (gas explosion)  Natural disasters
 Vehicle collision  Bomb threat
 Building collapsed  Poisoning
 Release of toxic compounds
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Types and classes of emergency are divided by

hazard:
EMERGENCY CLASS EMERGENCY ACTION

CLASS I
 Confined and controlled Action being handle by
 No potential for spread
 Not complex area emergency action
Limited/ minimal effects supervisor or logy only
Does not halt daily activities
Can be handled at district level
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Types and classes of emergency are divided by

hazard:
EMERGENCY CLASS EMERGENCY ACTION

CLASS II
More serious Action being handle
2 areas(districts)/potential spread
Large scale destruction/ death on-site Organizational
Destruction of infrastructure Emergency Coordinator
Activities disrupted
More difficult search and/ or
rescue
Needs to be handled at State
Level
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Types and classes of emergency are divided by

hazard:
EMERGENCY CLASS EMERGENCY ACTION

CLASS III
Arises from Level II
More complex Addressed by the
Involves large areas (>2 states) Organization
National level intervention Emergency Action
required
+foreign help Coordinator that
involves both on-site
and off-site teams
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY READINESS PLAN

• Planning is a crucial component in any safety and health program including emergency
action.
• Planning is prevention and preparedness!
• A comprehensive emergency response programme would cover not only on-site incidents but also
off-site incidents, which may occur during the transportation of products.
• Important elements in a programme are the overall plans and the resources required to execute
the plans.
• The emergency action plan should address emergencies that the employer may reasonably
expect in the workplace.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY READINESS PLAN

• Policy and procedures to be developed should consider:
– Hazards at site and worse case scenarios
– Existing standards (guidelines) and legal requirements
– Knowledge of the company operations background as well as internal resources available
such finances, manpower and equipment

– Information on external resources such as:

• distance from nearest fire brigade and their incident management capability
• distance from nearest medical service, specialty service offered and their ability to
manage mass casualties.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY READINESS PLAN

• Policy and procedures to be developed should consider:
– Hazards at site and worse case scenarios
– Existing standards (guidelines) and legal requirements
– Knowledge of the company operations background as well as internal resources available
such finances, manpower and equipment

– Information on external resources such as:

• distance from nearest fire brigade and their incident management capability
• distance from nearest medical service, specialty service offered and their ability to
manage mass casualties.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

STEP OF EMERGENCY PLANNING

1 2
1. Form a Health and Safety Committee Form a Health and Safety Develop (or Update) and
Committee implementing ERP
2. Develop (or Update) and implementing
emergency response plans.
3. Train All Staff
4. Address Needs Following an 3
4
Emergency Address Needs Following
Train All Staff
an Emergency
5. Evaluate and Modify the Plan

5
Evaluate and Modify the
Plan
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Step 1: Form a Health and Safety Committee

 Establish a team to coordinate

emergency planning and
preparedness activities
 An existing health and safety
committee can take on this
responsibility.
 The committee may also want to
consider including outside
organizations. These might include the
Local Emergency Planning Committee
(LEPC), emergency medical services
(EMS), fire department, Malaysian
Red Cressent.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 1) Identify hazards

 i) ERP = practical plan for dealing with

emergency.
 ii) ERP should not be general.
 iii) To determine the type and level of
ERP to be created
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

An emergency response plan is a detailed written document that explains what

emergencies an organization is likely to face, and WHO will do WHAT during a
particular situation.
• A chain of command should be established
• Writing the plan begins with assessing what measures are already in place and
determining adequacy of current resources and procedures by reviewing documents
and seeing what has been put into operation.
Writing the plan begins with assessing what measures are already in place and
procedures by reviewing documents and seeing what has been put into operation.
Check available resources to review the strengths of the facility’s internal
andexternal resources.
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 1) ERP is based on hazard type

 2) Examples of ERP :
 Fire action plan
 Gas and liquid explosive action plan
 Electric action plan
 Toxic action plan for toxic chemicals
 Natural disaster action plan
 An act of treason
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

2) Re-evaluate Existing Emergency Action Plan

 1) Existing plan, relevant / not ????

 2) ERP should always be valued because of changes in
hazard & risk in the workplace
 3) Considering resources / capabilities (source of equipment,
finance, expertise, training..)

3) Determining Objectives And Scope Plans

 1) Set an achievable target
 2) PTK must have achievable objectives
 3) The practical development of PTK can be achieved by
having focused objectives & scope.

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 PURPOSE

Site Emergency Action Plan

 Take action on accidents that occur in the workplace only

Off-Site Emergency Action Plan

 Prevents emergency from spreading to outside areas site

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 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

2) Re-evaluate Existing Emergency Action Plan

 1) Existing plan, relevant / not ????

 2) PTK should always be valued because of changes in hazard
& risk in the workplace
 3) Considering resources / capabilities
 (source of equipment, finance, expertise, training..

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 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMERGENCY CLASSES

 a) Cost of damage and loss

 b) Critical accident
 c) The environmental disturbance
stage
 d) An emergency response time
 e) Number of action team levels
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

1) Who is responsible for what happened

2) Using the Emergency Action Organization

Chart

3) General responsibilities mean:

 Prevents and extinguishes fires
 Rescue
 Safety
 Early assistance
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Determining The Operation Of

Emergency Response

 Create a flow chart to identify all

activities that occur after an
emergency begins

 A detailed task concept must be

included in the ERP
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Determining The Operation Of

Emergency Response

 Create a flow chart to identify all

activities that occur after an
emergency begins

 A detailed task concept must be

included in the ERP
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Check available resources to review the

strengths of the
facility’s internal and external resources.
– Internal resources include:
• First aid/CPR supplies and trained
personnel
• fire extinguishers and other firefighting
equipment
• heavy equipment available on-site