Carburizing

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 Carburizing

Caburization is the addition of carbon to the steel surface with austenite temperature (825-
925) and uses a medium in the form of gas (CO).
In general the carburization process is as follows

Heating Diffusion Cooling

heating steel in a room
containing carbon.
Various types of
carbohydrate media are as
follows
1. Pack Carburization
2. Salt Bash
Carburization
3. Gas Carburization
Carbon will diffuse into
the steel.
Due to rising
temperatures, there is a
vacuum in the steel so
that carbon can diffuse.
Cooling with a rapidly
cooling (Quenching) rate
there are 3 ways
1. Direct Quenching
2. Single Quenching
3. Double Quenching
 Types of Cooling

Direct Quenching Single Quenching Double Quenching

Pack Carburizing

The reaction of oxygen with charcoal during heating can form CO2. then CO2 reacts
with charcoal to form CO

CO2 + C → 2CO

Then CO on the steel surface will break into

2CO → CO2 + C

Carbon atoms will release and dissolve into steel in the austenite phase and form
carbides (Sementit)
Salt Bath Carburizing

Carburizing process uses media in the form of a salt solution. For example NaCN or
KCN. The carburizing reaction follows the saline solution media

1. 2NaCN + O2 → 2 NaCNO
2. 4NaCNO → 2NaCN + Na2CO3 + CO + 2N
3. 3Fe + 2CO → Fe3C + CO2
Reaction number 1 is the reaction between the salt solution and the environment,
then the other two reactions are the reaction between the salt solution with steel.
Some nitrogen can be released (reaction number 2) and enter the steel.
Salt Bath Carburizing
Gas Carburizing
Process Description:
•Surface chemistry process.
•Main carburizing agent can be either Methane, Propane, Natural Gas or
any other Carbon carrying gas.
•Work pieces are heated with carbon carrying gas.
•Then held for period of time at specific temperature between 800°C -
950°C.
•After that quench the sample.
Gas Carburizing
Temperature range
Application

•Gear teeth profiles

•Crane wheels
•Crane cable drum
•Support bracket for agricultural tractor
•Machines worm steels
•Hydraulic clutch