Water Treatment

Processes

Mukul Raghav
Tanya
Abhishek
 Contents
• Aim
• Effects of :-
• PH
• Electrical Conductivity
• TDS
• BOD
• Phosphate, Alkalinity, Hardness
• Different Types of RO’s Reading.
 Aim of the treatment process

 Pathogen free
 Chemically safe
 Without dirt solid matter
 Aesthetically acceptable
 pH

• pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range

goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7
indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates
a base. The pH of water is a very important measurement
concerning water quality.
pH
 EC

• EC or Electrical Conductivity of water is its ability to conduct

an electric current. Salts or other chemicals that dissolve
in water can break down into positively and negatively
charged ions. Total dissolved solids (TDS) are used to calculate
the EC of water, which helps to indicate the water's purity.
• The electrical conductivity of water increases by 2-3% for an
increase of 1 degree Celsius of water temperature.
Many EC meters nowadays automatically standardize the
readings to 25oC.
 TDS

• The level of total dissolved solids in

drinking water affects the taste of the water. Higher
levels of TDS can make water taste bitter, salty or
brackish. However, levels of total dissolves
solids affect animals much more than humans.
• TDS becomes due to natural environmental features such
as mineral springs, carbonate deposits, salt deposits, and
sea water intrusion.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand- BOD

• BOD directly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in rivers and

streams. The greater the BOD, the more rapidly oxygen is
depleted in the stream. This means less oxygen is available to
higher forms of aquatic life.
• Therefore, a low BOD is an indicator of good quality water, while
a high BOD indicates polluted water. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is
consumed by bacteria when large amounts of organic matter from
sewage or other discharges are present in the water. DO is the
actual amount of oxygen available in dissolved form in the water
 Phosphate

• Phosphates exist in three forms: orthophosphate,

metaphosphate (or polyphosphate) and organically bound
phosphate each compound contains phosphorous in a
different chemical arrangement. 
•  Phosphates are not toxic to people or animals unless they
are present in very high levels. Digestive problems could
occur from extremely high levels of phosphate. The soluble or
bio-available phosphate is then used by plants and animals.
 Alkalinity

Alkalinity and pH are properties of water that are related, but different. Alkalinity is
the measure of the pH buffering capacity of the water. pH, on the other hand, is the
acidity of water.

Alkalinity is expressed as the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in your water,

although other substances can contribute to alkalinity as well. The units of alkalinity
are either part per million (ppm) or mg/L. These units are equivalent, as 1 ppm = 1
mg/L.

Alkalinity comes from dissolved rocks, particularly limestone (CaCO3), and soils. It is
added to the water naturally as water comes in contact with rocks and soil
 Hardness
• Hardness means presence of primarily Ca, Mg, plus Fe, Mn, St, Al

• Hardness in 300-500 mg/l as CaCO 3 range considered

excessive
• 60-120 mg/l as CaCO 3 is considered a moderate amount

Precipitation
Topsoil
Subsoil
CO2 + H2O  H2CO3
Limestone CaCO3(s) + H2CO3  Ca(HCO3)2
MgCO3(s) + H2CO3  Mg(HCO3)2
 Different types of RO

(1) Kent RO
(2) Livpure
(3) Havells Max RO
(4) Blue Star Aristo
 TYPES OF RO-PURIfIER
• RO KENT • Hardness-nil

• Hardness-nil
• P.•Alkanity-nil
RO Livpure PEP

• P. Alkanity-nil • M. Alkanity-24
• M. Alkanity-20 • Chloride-12
•
•
Chloride-10
Silica-nil
• Silica-nil
• Ph -< 7 • Ph -< 7
• Tds -< 50 • Tds -< 48
 • Blue star Aristo RO
• Havells Max RO
• Hardness-nil
• Hardness-nil • P. Alkanity-nil
• P. Alkanity-nil • M. Alkanity-22
• M. Alkanity-21 • Chloride-10
• Chloride-9 • Silica-nil
• Silica-nil
• Ph -< 7
• Ph -< 7
• Tds -< 50
• Tds -< 51
THANK YOU