GROUP 2 PRESENTS:

Varieties and Registers of

Spoken and Written Language
MEMBERS
Jorence Alyza
Agas Caldejon

Jonan Bryan John Carl Whey

Arandia Ladrera

Mark Justin Mark James

Bonaagua Niebla
INTRODUCTION

PRESENTED BY:
ALYZA CALDEJON
“Communication knows NO BOUNDARIES”

Whether such communication takes place in home,

in the street, at a business meeting, or inside the
classroom, an individual uses techniques and
strategies to be able to put their message across.
Communication
has become so And boundless
fluid

(Davis, 2014) (Yagmur, 2011)

This is due to increasing effects
and influences of globalization.
 International communication

It (also referred to as transnational communication)

practices continually occur across boarders. This is
why multimodal and multicultural tasks among
learners need to be reintroduced and strengthened.
 “Communicate your ideas appropriately especially
when confronted with culturally diverse situations”

The use of culturally-appropriate

language is a way of conforming to
another culture’s acceptable
expressions, terms, images and
standards of behavior and thoughts.
Although diversity in language and
culture has already been embraced in
this multicultural worlds, we need to
particularize strategies towards
communicating effectively and
appropriately to a multicultural
audience in a local or global context is
strongly felt.
 Lesson 1: Diversity in Culture, Language, and
Communication

DIVERSITY IS REALITY
It is increasingly affecting traditional and
digital media, trade, labor practices, and even
casual conversations. Changes in registers in
one part of the world affect people everywhere.
There are many types of diversity which are
associated with injustice and inequality where
not every person or group is treated equally
because of them. These types of diversity
include socially excluded groups, nationality, ethnicity, race, gender,
sexual preference, social class, religious beliefs and practices, and
physical or mental disability. For some other reasons, these types of
diversity have affected drastic changes in the way individuals
communicate and use linguistic resources.
Clark’s (2014) study suggests that people are increasingly and
deliberately using English in a way that identifies them with a particular
place. They do this by integrating in their speech a set of linguistic
features drawn from a particular variety of English. In the West
Midlands, for example
Original Term in English Transformed Term
You Yow
Birmingham Brum
Cannot or Can’t Cor
By using features in this way, people emphasize their place of origin
over other factors such as age, gender, social class and ethnicity,
education, style, family status, customs, occupation, and socioeconomic
status, among others.
 According to Barry Tomalin

Culture (set or collection of traditions, beliefs, values,

and customs of a particular community) is the fifth
language skill in addition to listening, speaking,
reading and writing. This brings forth the British and
American traditions of pronunciation, accent,
spelling, and writing conventions.
 According to Barry Tomalin

“There is another way of

understanding culture.”

INTRODUCTION
This is how you develop cultural sensitivity and cultural skill.
This covers how you build cultural awareness, what
qualities you need to deal successfully with other cultures,
and how to operate successfully with people from other
cultures. This is often considered to be a business skill for
adults, such as international sales managers or explorers.
This is referred to as “cultural competence.”
Lesson 2 : Varieties and Registers
of Spoken and Written Language

PRESEBTED BY:
MARK JUSTIN BONAAGUA
Varieties of Spoken and Written Language

Two Factors that distinguish Spoken from

Written language:

1. The actual situation or context in which the

language is used

2. The purpose of communication

Characteristic of spoken and written language

SPOKEN LANGUAGE WRITTEN LANGUAGE

presupposes the presence presupposes the absence of
of the interlocutor the interlocutor

Form of dialogue Form of monologue

Utilizes the human voice More carefully organized

and all kinds of gestures and more explanatory.
which give additional
information
 Characteristic of spoken and written language

SPOKEN LANGUAGE WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Cannot be detached from can be detached and
user of it objectively looked at

Spontaneous but Able to live forever with

momentary idea it expresses.

Characterized by insertion Bears a greater volume of

into utterance of words responsibility than its
without any meaning called counter part
“fill-ups”
 Characteristic of spoken and written language

SPOKEN LANGUAGE WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Widely uses intensifying
words
 VARIeTIES of spoken language

1. Interactional

 having social function.

 it aims to develop relationships between interlocutors.

Example:
A:Hello! How are you?
B: I’m good. How about you?
C: I’m okay.
 Varieties of spoken language

2. Referential

 providing
the listener some information referring to
objects or abstract concepts.

 Speaker
assumes that listener has knowledge on
the matter at hand.

 Listener
has to know the context before they can
understand the references.
 Varieties of spoken language

Example:
The email from ABC Inc. has been sent via gmail at
12 o’clock. Please reply once you have receive it.
 Varieties of spoken language

3. Expressive

 showing the speaker’s judgment or feelings about a

person, event, or situation.

Example:
It’s truly unbelievable! How
could she do such a terrible thing?
 Varieties of spoken language

4. Transactional

 Getting information or making deal

 Driven by needs and wants rather than sociability.

 Intention
to achieve give-and-take relationship
between speaker and the listener.
 Varieties of spoken language

Example:
A: May I know how much this face mask?
B: You can give me PhP 50.00.
 Varieties of spoken language

5. Phatic

 Engaging in small, plain talk.

 Poses
familiarity of topic and context between the
speaker and listener.

Example:
A: Tea?
B: Yes, green tea.
 Varieties of spoken and written language

Colloquial
 used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or
literary.
 used in spoken language
Literary
 associated with literary works or other formal writing;
having a marked style intended to create a particular emotional
effect.
 Used in written language
 Varieties of spoken and written language

Colloquial Neutral Literary

Daddy Father Parent
Get out Go away Retire
Go on Continue Proceed
Chap Fellow Associate
Guys Friends Comrades
Culturally Responsive, Engaging
and Appropriate Language

PRESENTED BY:
JORENCE AGAS
From an Anonymous Person

“Calling an illegal alien an

undocumented immigrant
is like calling a drug dealer
an undocumented
pharmacist”
 Sometimes when we try to be politically
correct, we end up confusing our
audience as to what we are saying in
particular thus causing misinterpretation
of words and sometimes even chaos or
arguments. These kinds of scenarios often
happen in social media platforms where
netizens try to be politically correct.
 From Confucius

“When words lose their meanings,

people lose their freedom”

When we communicate our choice of words

affects our interaction. Words are powerful
enough that it could cause chaos and miscommunication when misused.
Hence, a good choice of words is essential when we communicate
especially when we are talking to someone who’s culture is not familiar to
us.
Example of Words and Actions that has Different Meaning in
Different Culture

Slut

A derogatory
term in the UK
and US, but in
Sweden, slut
means final,
end or last.
 Let’s have a game…

Try to guess what am I

talking about using
politically correct words that
describes a fictitious
character.
 Let’s have a game…

A living
impaired
hemoglobin
enthusiast. Vampire
 Let’s have a game…

Biologically
regenerated
terror
Zombie
provider.
 Let’s have a game…

Lunar initiated
transfiguration
activist.
Werewolf
Political Correctness vs. Politically Correct

Political Correctness Politically Correct

The cultural appropriateness of Being respectful and considerate.
language is conforming to a culture’s You avoid expressions and actions
acceptable expression and standards that may exclude, marginalize or
of behavior and thoughts. offend a particular group of people.
Ways on how to choose appropriate
language (Hogan-Garcia, 1999)

PRESENTED BY:
MARK JAMES NIEBLA
WAYS ON HOW TO CHOOSE
APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE

(HOGAN-GARCIA, 1997 )
1. NOTICE AND REFLECT ON
DISRESPECTFUL LANGUAGE,
THOUGHTS, AND ACTIONS.
 Educate yourself
and monitor your
thoughts.
When interacting with people, you want to be open,
respectful, and informed individual instead of a
careless, disrespectful person.

AVOID: RACIST, SEXIST, HOMOPHOBIC JOKES,

ETC
2. RESPECT
PEOPLE OF
DIFFERENT
RACES
 Recognize racist roots of words, whether
they are inflammatory as the n-word or as
subtle as referring to immigrants as illegals.

 Common expressions have roots in

discrimination caused by cultural arrogance
and lack of exposure to cultural diversity.
Terms such as:

“CHINESE AUCTION” “INDIAN GIVER”

“JEW DOWN” “GYP”
 3. USE LANGUAGE THAT
INCLUDES LGBTQIA+ PEOPLE
 Work on substituting gender-neutral language
to include people of different sexual orientation
and gender identities.

PARTNERS BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND

• A person’s real name is the name that they

accept as one that matches their gender
 4. AVOID
EXCLUSIONARY,
GENDER-SPECIFIC
LANGUAGE
 Gender-specific language can be
extremely harmful.
 Sexism or discrimination against a
person due to their marginalized
gender identity, is used often and
advertently.
USE GENDER-NEUTRAL JOB TITLES

FIREFIGHTER

FIREMAN/FIREWOMAN
 USE GENDER-NEUTRAL JOB TITLES

CHAIRPERSON

CHAIRMAN/CHAIRWOMAN
5. AVOID USING EXPLICITLY
RELIGIOUS TERMS IN MIXED
RELIGIOUS COMPANY
 Limit the amount of religious terms in
your language, especially when speaking in
groups of people.
6. AVOID EXPRESSIONS THAT DEVALUE PEOPLE
WITH PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISABILITIES
 Some people prefer identity-first
language while others prefer person-
first language.

IDENTITY-FIRST PERSON-FIRST
• DISABLED PERSON • PERSON WITH DISABILITY
• DOWN SYNDROME • PERSON WITH DOWN
PERSON SYNDROME
 7. REFRAIN
FROM
LANGUAGE
THAT GROUPS
PEOPLE INTO
ONE LARGE
CATEGORY
 Avoid classifying people together based
on religion, sexual orienatation, gender
and ethnicity.
Some Politically Correct
Words and Expressions

PRESENTED BY:
JOHN CARL WHEY LADRERA
A presentation on “why we
should use politically
correct words.”
 Political Correctness

Political correctness defines how written or

spoken language are intentionally phrased to
avoid offending person or groups with
certain social characteristics, such as
religion, race, sexual orientation, etc.
 Politically correct words and
expressions

Politically correct words or expressions are

the terms that are used to prevent or
mitigate negative effects of such expressions
during the communication of two people
with different culture.
Why should we use more of politically correct words?

Many people that are communicating sometimes

have different cultures and we tend to overlooked
this difference. And we sometimes used words or
expressions that are offensive to that person or
group of people. This difference may cause anger or
misdemeanor to the other person without you even
knowing the reason for it.
It is important to acquire and use “politically
correct words” early on to prevent these kind of
situations.
 Let’s give an example

Let’s say that you are in a classroom and your

classmate have a smelly feet which distracts
you from studying.
HOW WOULD YOU TELL HIM
THAT HE HAS A SMELLY
FEET WITHOUT OFFENDING
HIM?
A.) You have a smelly butt, armpit, feet,
and breath.

B.) You have a nasally disturbing butt,

armpit, feet, and breath.
 The answer

Most of us will probably choose the letter b, or so

did I thought? The reason why we wanted to tell him
that he has a nasally disturbing feet is for us to focus
on studying and we mean no hostility. But if we
choose to say the letter a or the first statement, he
might get offended and cause a negative effect on
you. So, it is important for us to choose politically
correct words in order to prevent offending the
people around us, especially the one that we cared
the most.
Other examples of politically correct words

NON-POLITICALLY POLITICALLY
CORRECT CORRECT
HOUSEWIFE DOMESTIC ENGINEER

POOR UNDER-PRIVILEGED

BROKEN FAMILY DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY

INSANE REALITY CHALLENGED

UNEMPLOYED ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE

PROSTITUTE SEX WORKER

Culturally (In)Appropriate
Images

PRESENTED BY:
JONAN BRYAN ARANDIA
 Cultural Appropriation

Cultural appropriation of images is the

adoption of the iconography of another
culture and using it unintended by the
original culture or offensive to that
culture's mores. This poses deeper
concerns and issues of communication in
which the origin of that particular gets
offended.
Take a look at this picture
What did you notice?
 Yep

This picture depicts a cultural

(in)appropriation wherein the Indian
people were offended, for the reason that
people believe that the Native Clothing
became a trend.

Native people have their clothing

because of their culture, so they will get
offended if people use their culture as a
trend.
 Cultural Sensitivity is an attitude and way
of behaving in which you are aware of and
acknowledge cultural differences. This is
crucial for interpersonal communication
(Franklin & Mizell, 1995). If you can tell how
the above pictures pose insensitivity to those
who made them, then you are sensitive
enough.
Thank you
And
Godbless!