Summary Chapter

6 (Kit Media)
SITI ZIANAH BINTI ABDUL RAZAK
D20171076761
GROUP D
 Define object
CLICK TO
Explain how
SEE SUMMARY
modeling
terms and Explain
object-
concepts, relationships
oriented
including among
analysis can
objects, objects and
be used to
attributes, the concept
describe an
methods,
Explain the of
information
messages, inheritance
system Describe advantages
classes, and
Unified of using
Modeling instances
CASE tools in
Language developing
(UML) the object
model
Object-oriented analysis?
• a popular approach that sees a system from the
viewpoint of the objects themselves as they
function and interact
• Object-Oriented Terms and Concepts
• Unified Modeling Language (UML)
• Attributes
• Methods
• Message
• Class
• Instance
Define object modeling terms and concepts?

OBJECT ATTRIBUTES METHODS MESSAGES CLASSES

• The family • If objects • A method • A major • An object
also might are similar defines advantage belongs to a
have a DOG to nouns, specific of O-O group or
object as attributes tasks that designs is category
shown in are similar an object that called a
example to can perform systems class
below adjectives • Just as analysts can • All objects
• The UML that objects are save time within a
represents describe the similar to and avoid class share
an object as characteristi nouns and errors by common
a rectangle cs of an attributes using attributes
with the object are similar modular and
object name • Some to objects, and methods
at top, objects adjectives, programmer • Subclass
followed by might have methods s can es
the object’s a few resemble translate • Supercla
OBJECT

 The message
GOOD DOG,
when directed
to the DOG
object, signals
it to wag its
tail.

 Similarly, the
DINNER’S
READY message
signals the DOG
 METHODS

Consider a server who

prepares fries in a fast-food
restaurant.

 A systems analyst
describes the operation
as a method called MORE
FRIES
MESSAGES
CLASSES
 Notice that all four
subclasses share common
traits of the VEHICLE
class, such as make,
model, year, weight, and
color.

 Each subclass also can

possess traits that are
uncommon, such as a load
limit for the TRUCK or an
Explain relationships among objects and the concept of inheritance

• Relationships ?
• Enable objects to communicate and interact as they perform business
functions and transactions required by the system.
• Describe what objects need to know about each other, how objects respond to
changes in other objects, and the effects of membership in classes,
superclasses, and subclasses
• Some relationships are stronger than others (a relationship between
family members is stronger than one between casual acquaintances).
• The strongest relationship is called inheritance.
• Inheritance enables an object, called a child, to derive one or more of
its attributes from another object, called a parent

Click here to see

The INSTRUCTOR object
(child) inherits many traits
from the EMPLOYEE object
(parent), including SOCIAL
SECURITY NUMBER,
TELEPHONE NUMBER, and
HIRE DATE
.
The INSTRUCTOR object
also can possess
additional attributes, such
as TYPE OF INSTRUCTOR.

Because
An inheritanceall employees
relationship exists
between the INSTRUCTOR and EMPLOYEE
share
objects. Thecertain
INSTRUCTOR attributes,
(child) object
those attributes
inherits characteristics from the are
EMPLOYEE (parent) class and can have
assumed through
additional attributes of its own
inheritance and do not
need to be repeated in the
INSTRUCTOR object.
 Describe Unified Modeling Language (UML)
• UML
• The UML uses a set of symbols to represent graphically the various
components and relationships within a system
• It mainly is used to support object-oriented systems analysis and to develop
object models.

• Click the box below to see explanation and example

Use Case Use Case Class Sequence State Activity
Modeling Diagrams Diagrams Diagrams Transition Diagrams
Diagrams
Use Case Modeling

• Use cases also can interact with

other use cases.
• When the outcome of one use case is
incorporated by another use case,
we say that the second case uses the
first case.
• To create use cases, you start by
reviewing the information that you
gathered during the requirements
modeling phase.
• The objective is to identify the actors
Use Case Diagrams
• System boundary
• After you identify
the system
boundary, you place
the
The use
UMLcases on for a
Symbol
the
use diagram,
case is anadd
oval with
a label
the that
actors, and describes
the action or event.
show the
The actor is shown as a
relationships
stick figure, with a label
that identifies the
 Class Diagrams
• In a class diagram,
each class appears
as a rectangle, with
the class name at
the top, followed by
the class’s attributes
and methods.

• Lines show
relationships
between classes and
 Sequence Diagrams
CLASSES
• A class is identified by a rectangle
with the name inside.
• Classes that send or receive
messages are shown at the top of
the sequence diagram
LIFELINES
• A lifeline is identified by a dashed
line.
• The lifeline represents the time
during which the object above it is
able to interact with the other
objects in the use case.
• An X marks the end of the lifeline.
MESSAGES
• A message is identified by a line
State Transition Diagrams
• A State Transition Diagrams shows how an object
changes from one state to another, depending on
 Aevents thatcould
bank account affect as a NEW  In a state transition
the object
be opened
account, change to an ACTIVE or EXISTING diagram, the states
account, and eventually become a CLOSED appear as rounded
or FORMER account. rectangles with the state
 Another possible state for a bank account names inside.
could be FROZEN, if the account’s assets are  The small circle to the
legally attached. left is the initial state, or
the point where the
object first interacts with
the system.
 Reading from left to
right, the lines show
 Activity Diagrams
• An Activity diagram resembles a horizontal
flowchart that shows the actions and events as
they occur.
 The
• Activity customer
diagrams show the order in which the
initiates the
actions take place and identify the outcomes.
activity by
inserting an ATM
card and
requesting cash.

 Activity diagrams
Explain the advantages of using CASE tools in developing the
object model

• Object modeling requires many types of diagrams to represent the proposed

system
• Creating the diagrams by hand is time-consuming and tedious, so systems
analysts rely on CASE tools to speed up the process and provide an overall
framework for documenting the system components
• The use of CASE tools enables the programmer to process diagrams and improvise
project management software designs. The implementation makes it possible to
access data dictionaries and specialist packages. With enhanced features, it is
possible to edit and update multiple design versions to add quality to the adopted
version. The timely use of the powerful development tools to complete and
upgrade cycle documents helps a great deal in error checks and test case
generation. They have progressed from applications that aid documentation
analysis on the computer to intelligent user interfaces that are reusable.