PHENOL PRODUCTION

PROCESS FROM CUMENE

AND TOLUENE
By
Ms. Kanokwan Jaruek 62070700101
Mr. Chanon Wongkham 62070700106
Ms. Pornchanit Jornkhokkruad 62070700110
Mr. Sirawit Hansethasuk 62070700117
Mr. Yue-Xun Liu
PCT
Technical Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Hong-Ming Ku Chemi
English Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Chutima Kongvarhodom cal
 Outline
01 Introduction

02 Methodology

03 Simulation and Result

1
Introduction
Colorless liquids or white
solids at room temperature.
Formula is C6H5OH.
It can be produced by
oxidation of cumene and
oxidation of toluene.
Background of Phenol
Aromatic organic compound with
hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to
an aromatic ring.
Phenol can be used as
starting material for
plastics, drugs, explosive
substance and dyes color
It can be produced on an
industrial scale from coal tar.
2
 Introduction Background of problems

• Price fluctuation of Phenol

• The best alternatives to control

operating cost and increasing
profit are to produce phenol
from:
- Oxidation of cumene process
- Oxidation of toluene process

Reference : Price of phenol [online], Available: 3

http://www.vinachem.com.vn/news/market-and-product-vnc/china-phenol-prices-rebound-despite-regional-supply-gains.html
 Comparison of two alternatives
Introduction production process

No Existing Raw Materials / Yield Products Advantages

Methods Catalyst

Cumene Cumene, Air, Phenol and Produces

1. oxidation Sulfuric acid and 92% acetone valuable
Emulsifying co-product
agents acetone

Toluene Toluene, Air, Phenol and Low operation

2. Two-Stage Cobalt napthalate, 80% Carbon cost by
Oxidation Cupric benzoate dioxide direct toluene
catalyst application

4
Introduction
Objectives
1. To design and compared a
phenol production processes
from alternative way between
cumene and toluene.
2. To evaluate economic value
of the designed processes.
Scope of work
1. Using Aspen Plus ver. 9.0 to simulate
the phenol production process.
2. Sizing and costing all of the major
equipments in this process.
3. The purity of phenol product will be
at least 99.00 % by weight.
4. The capacity of phenol production
must be equal to 300 million kg/year.
5. Economic evaluation will be perform
to analyze which alternatives are
better and determine a profit of the
process.
5
Simulation & Result Phenol production from cumene

6
Simulation & Result Process flow diagram: Phenol production from cumene

17

Cumene
Acetone
Cumene Hydroperoxide Oxygen Phenol
1 3 15
5 Cumene 19
Condenser
2
4
Air
Plug Flow Reactor
Heater
Flash Drum
14

13
6
16 18

20
Sulphuric acid 8 9
7 Acetophenone

CSTR Flash Drum

Recycle acid
12
11
10 Using NRTL method for calculation.
Purge

Feed preparation Separation section

Reactor section Purification section 7
Simulation & Result Feed preparation

17
Cu mene Recycle Cumene
Fresh Cumene 1

2 Mixer 3
Oxygen To 1st reactor
Air

Stream S1 S2 Outlet Stream S3 S17

Unit Pressure
Temperature (°C) 25 25 Temperature (°C) 39.68 154.08
(bar)
Pressure (bar) 1 1 Pressure (bar) 6 1
Pump 6 Flow rate (kg/hr)
Flow rate (kg/hr) 50,481 14,399
Compressor 6 Oxygen 14,399 0
Mixer 6 Cumene 52,371 1,890

8
Simulation & Result Process flow diagram: Reactor Section
17

Cumene
Acetone
Cumene Hydroperoxide Oxygen Phenol
1 3 15
5 Cumene 19
2
Condenser
4
Air
Plug Flow Reactor
Heater
Flash Drum
14

13
6
16 18

20
Sulphuric acid 8 9
7 Acetophenone

CSTR Flash Drum

Recycle acid
12
Reactor section
10
11

Purge

9
Simulation & Result Reactor section : 1st reactor (Plug flow)

3 4

Stream S3 S4
Temperature (°C) 39.68 40
Pressure (bar) 6 6 Plug Flow Reactor
Flow rate Mass
Component Unit RPLUG
(kg/hr) Fraction
Oxygen 14,399 1,003 0.015 Temperature (°C) 40
Cumene 52,371 2,054 0.03 Pressure (bar) 6
Cumene Hydroperoxide 0 63,736 0.95
Cumene + O2  Cumene Hydroperoxide
k 0.35
Ea (kcal/mol) 19.35

Chen E.C.M.(1980)
10
Simulation & Result Reactor section : Before enter CSTR

Unit Flash Drum

Cumene hydroperoxide Oxygen
5 Temperature (°C) 100
Pressure (bar) 6
4
Flash Drum Stream S5 S6
Temperature (°C) 40 40
6
Pressure (bar) 6 6
Sulphuric acid Flow rate (kg/hr)
7 8 9
Oxygen 944 59.27
Cumene 4.79 2,049
CSTR
To mixer before Cumene Hydroperoxide 7.32 63,729
enter CSTR

11
Simulation & Result Reactor section : 2nd reactor (CSTR)

Stream S8 S9 Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)

from Flash Drum Oxygen
Temperature (°C) 67.15 60 5

Pressure (bar) 6 6 Phenol Purity 50 %

Flow rate (kg/hr) Acetone
Flash Drum Acetophenone
Cumene 2,128 2,031 Methanol
CHP 63,767 263 6

Sulfuric Acid 7,411 7,411

Mixer
Phenol 5,164 40,210 Sulph uri c acid
7 8 9

Acetone 482.09 22,754 12

Acetophenone 1,168 5,098 CSTR
Alpha Methyl Styrene 41.85 226 Recycle acid
Levin M.E.(2005)
H2O 0.14 28.21 H+

DMBA 30.1 46.8

Main reaction CHP  Phenol + Acetone k = 0.8, Ea = 36 kcal/mol

Methanol 6.23 1,067 Side reaction

CHP  Acetophenone + Methanol k = 0.00145, Ea = 30 kcal/mol
CHP + Cumene  2DMBA k = 0.000175, Ea = 27.5 kcal/mol
DMBA  AMS + H2O k = 0.47, Ea = 8.4 kcal/mol 12
Simulation & Result Process flow diagram: Separation Section
17

Cumene
Acetone
Cumene Hydroperoxide Oxygen Phenol
1 3 15
5 Cumene 19
2
Condenser
4
Air
Plug Flow Reactor
Heater
Flash Drum
14

13
6
16 18

20
Sulphuric acid 8 9
7 Acetophenone

CSTR Flash Drum

Separation section
Recycle acid
12
10
11

Purge

13
Simulation & Result Separation section
Phenol Purity 53 %
Stream S10 S13 Unit Flash Drum
Crude phenol
Temperature (°C) 185 185 Temperature (°C) 185
Pressure (bar) 1 1
Pressure (bar) 1 13
Flow rate (kg/hr)
Cumene 104.86 1926.3
CHP 17.77 245.84
Sulfuric Acid 6,606.8 805
Phenol 4,610.7 35,400 From CSTR 9
Acetone 248.62 22,500
Acetophenone 1,303.8 3,753.4 Flash drum
Alpha Methyl Styrene 16.5 209.5 Flash Drum
DMBA 17.1 29.72 Recycle acid
Methanol 6.59 1,059.4 12
10
11
Splitter
Purge
Split fraction (Purge) 0.175

14
Simulation & Result Process flow diagram: Purification Section
17

Cumene
Acetone
Cumene Hydroperoxide Oxygen Phenol
1 3 15
5 Cumene 19
2
Condenser
4
Air
Plug Flow Reactor
Heater
Flash Drum
14

13
6
16 18

20
Sulphuric acid 8 9
7 Acetophenone

CSTR Flash Drum

Recycle acid
12
10
Purification section
11

Purge

15
Simulation & Result Purification section – 1st distillation
Recycle Cumene
17
Stream S14 S15 S16 Acetone
15
Acetone Phenol
Temperature (°C) 60 55.20 177.30 Purity 95 % 19
Condenser
Pressure (bar) 1 1 1
Flow rate (kg/hr) Heater
Crude
Oxygen 59.3 59.3 0 14 1
phenol
Cumene 1,926.3 1.36 1,925
CHP 245.84 0 245.84 16 18

Sulfuric Acid 805 0 805 20

Phenol 35,400 0 35,400 Acetophenone

Acetone 22,500 22,190 310 Unit RADFRAC1

Acetophenone 3,753.4 0 3,753.4
Alpha Methyl Styrene 209.5 0 209.5 Stage 15
Methanol 1,059.4 1,059.36 0.039 Feed stage 7
Reflux ratio 0.21
Distillate to feed ratio 0.49
16
Simulation & Result Purification section – 2nd distillation
Recycle Cumene
17
Stream S16 S17 S18
Acetone
Temperature (°C) 177.2983 154.08 184.59 15
Phenol
19
Pressure (bar) 1 1 1 Condenser

Flow rate (kg/hr)

Heater
Cumene 1,925 1,894.74 30.16 Crude 14
CHP 245.84 22.28 223.56 phenol 2
Sulfuric Acid 805 0 805
16 18
Phenol 35,400 307.39 35,092
Acetone 310 310 0 20

Acetophenone
Acetophenone 3,753.4 0 3,753.4
Alpha Methyl Unit RADFRAC2
209.5 180.5 29
Styrene
Stage 16
Feed stage 9
Reflux ratio 7.10
Distillate to feed ratio 0.06
17
Simulation & Result Purification section – 3rd distillation
Recycle Cumene
17
Stream S18 S19 S20 Phenol Purity 99 %
Acetone
Phenol
Temperature 15
184.59 182.28 210.03 19
(°C) Condenser
Pressure
1 1 1
(bar) Heater
Flow rate (kg/hr) Crude 14
Cumene 30.16 30.16 0 phenol 3
CHP 223.56 223.56 0
Sulfuric Acid 805 0 805 16 18

Phenol 35,092 34,631.6 460.54 20

Acetophenone 3,753.4 65.76 3,687.6 Acetophenone

Unit RADFRAC3

Stage 20
Feed stage 7
Reflux ratio 1.83
Distillate to feed ratio 0.89
18
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
Crystallizer section

1st Reaction
Oxidation
to Benzoic acid

2nd Reaction
Oxidation of
Benzoic acid to
phenol

19
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process

Crystallizer section Separator split fraction

• To separate water
component from benzoic acid stream
• To assume water component can get off from
separator with 0.99% wt

Toluene distillation
system

16 v Water
From reactor 15 T-202
system

To the
nd
2 reactor

20
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
Simulation model from Aspen V.9

Using Soave – Redlich – Kwong model as Thermodynamics model ( Shengwei Tang,2007)

21
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
Process Flow Diagram
Purge
Purge 31
31 Recycle Toluene
29
29
Recycle Toluene E-204

30
D-203
E-204
Feed preparation
12 D-203
T-201 system
30 E-203
E-205
Oxygen 3 4 5 6
E-202
11 D-202 12
13
T-201 Reactor system
E-201
Toluene 1
2
7
E-203
R-201 E-205
Oxygen 3
P-201

4 5 6
E-202
D-201 10 14
Separation and
11 D-202 16 v Water
Purification system

v
9
13
T-202
Water 8 E-201 15

17
2 V-201
7
Toluene 1 C-201
R-201
E-209
P-201 v Vent gas
D-201
25
10 14
D-205 18
v
Phenol 28

T-203 D-204 Oxygen

vv
24 23 22 21 20 19
16
Water

v
9
26
E-207 V-202 E-206
Water 8
15 T-202
R-201
17
Benzoic E-208 V-201
acid
Purge 31 29
Recycle Toluene
C-201 E-204

30 E-209 D-203

12 T-201
E-203

Oxygen 3 4 5 6
E-202 25 E-205
v Vent gas
D-202
D-205
11
13
E-201
2
7
18
Toluene 1

v R-201

Phenol P-201 28
D-201 10 14

T-203 D-204 24 23 22 21 20 16 19 v
v
Oxygen
Water

v
9

Water 8
15 T-202
17
V-201

26
E-207 V-202 E-206
C-201
E-209

D-205
25

R-201 18
v Ve nt gas

v
Phenol 28

22
T-203 D-204 24 23 22 21 20 19 v Oxy gen

Benzoic E-208 26
E-207 V-202

R-201
E-206

acid
Benzoic
acid
E-208
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section From toluene
recycle stream
 Feed preparation system
30

Oxygen 3 4 5 To 1st Reactor

E-201
2
Toluene 1

P-201

Stream 1 Stream 3 Stream 30 Stream 5

T(°C) 30 30 175 155
P(bar) 1 10 10 10
Mass flow(kg/hr) 57,673 32,575 34,467 124,715
Toluene 57,673 0 30,024 92,140
Oxygen 0 32,575 358 32,575
23
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section catalyst : cobalt acetate tetrahydrate
Unit R-201
 Reactor system T (°C) 155
From feed To separation
preparation 5 6
system P(bar) 10
The reactions are shown as the following; system E-201 Volume (m3) 730

Stream 5 Mass flow : kg/hr %wt T(°C),P(bar)

Toluene 92,140 74
155,10
Oxygen 32,575 26

Table 1 The values of the rate constants and activation energies of the
Stream 6 Mass flow %wt T(°C),P(bar)
kinetic reactions at 155 °C and 10 bar. (PINGHUA TAN et al, 2010)
(kg/hr)
Equation k, (min-1) Ea, kJ/mol Toluene 30,100 24.13
4.1 0.0016 69.54 Oxygen 464 0.37
4.2 0.126 66.84
Benzoic Acid 80,991 64.94
4.3 0.001169 123.91 155,10
4.4 0.135 81.27 Water 12,079 9.68
Benzaldehyde 774 0.62
Ref : Kinetic Models for Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzoic Acid with
Benzyl Alcohol 307 0.25
24
Pure Oxygen, PINGHUA TAN et al, 2010
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
 Phase separation system

12
Distillation Unit D-202
system
T (°C) 283
P(bar) 1
From the E-202
1st reactor 11 D-202
13

D-201 10 14

9 16 v Water
v
Water 8 15 T-202
V-201
Unit T-202
Unit D-201 T (°C) 263
To the
T (°C) 30 nd
2 reactor P(bar) 1
P(bar) 10
25
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
 Phase separation system
Unit D-201
T (°C) 30
Distillation
12
system P(bar) 10
%Water removal 70
From the E-202
1st reactor 11 D-202
Stream7 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)
7

Toluene 30,100 155,10

D-201 10 14

Oxygen 464
9 16 v Water Water 12,079
v
Water 8 15 T-202
Benzoic Acid 80,991
V-201
Benzaldehyde 774
To the Benzyl Alcohol 307
2nd reactor
26
 Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
Distillation
12
 Phase separation system Stream8 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)
system
Toluene 4 30,10
E-202 Oxygen 105
From the
Water 8342
1st reactor 11 D-202
Benzoic Acid 423
7
Benzaldehyde 179
Benzyl Alcohol 0

D-201 10 14
Stream9 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C), P(bar)
Toluene 30096 30,10
9 16 v Water
v Oxygen 359
Water 8 15 T-202
Water 3737
V-201 Benzoic Acid 80568
Benzaldehyde 595
To the Benzyl Alcohol 307
nd
2 reactor
27
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
 Phase separation system Unit D-202
T (°C) 283
P(bar) 1
12
Distillation
system Vapor Fraction 0.8
From the E-202
1st reactor D-202 Mass flow : T(°C),
11
Stream 11
kg/hr P(bar)
7
13 Toluene 30096
D-201 10 14
Oxygen 359
9 16 v Water Water 3737
v
Water 8 15 T-202
V-201
Benzoic Acid 80568 283,1

To the Benzaldehyde 595

2nd reactor

Benzyl Alcohol 307

28
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section Stream 12 Mass flow : T(°C),P(bar)
kg/hr
 Phase separation system Toluene 30,025 283,1
Oxygen 358
Distillation
12
system Water 827
Benzoic Acid 61,111
From the E-202 Benzaldehyde 578
1st reactor 11 D-202 Benzyl Alcohol 299

7
13
Stream 14 Mass flow : T(°C),P(bar)
D-201 10 14 kg/hr

9 16 v Water Toluene 71 283,1

v
Water 8 15 T-202 Oxygen 0.027
V-201 Water 2910
Benzoic Acid 19457
To the
2nd reactor Benzaldehyde 17
Benzyl Alcohol 8
29
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section Unit T-201
 Toluene purification system Reflux ratio 4
Number of stage 5
To toluene 29 Feed stage 3
mixer Recycle Toluene
D/F ratio 0.38
E-204
T , P (Up) 175,1
D-203 T , P (Down) 252,1

From
separation 12 T-201 Stream 12 Mass flow : kg/hr
system Toluene 30,025
E-205 Oxygen 358
Water 827
To
separator 13
Benzoic Acid 61,111
T-202 Benzaldehyde 578
Benzyl Alcohol 299
30
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section Stream 13 Mass flow : kg/hr
 Toluene purification system Toluene 1
Oxygen 0
To toluene
mixer
29
Water 817
Recycle Toluene
Benzoic Acid 57,871
E-204
Benzaldehyde 7
D-203 Benzyl Alcohol 34

From
separation 12 T-201 Stream 29 Mass flow : kg/hr
system Toluene 30,025
E-205 Oxygen 358
Water 9
To
Benzoic Acid 3,240
separator 13
T-202 Benzaldehyde 571

Benzyl Alcohol 264

31
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
 Phase separation system
Unit T-202
T (°C) 263
12
Distillation P(bar) 1
system
%Water removal 99

From the E-202

1st reactor 13
11 D-202 Stream15 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)

7
Toluene 71
Oxygen 0
D-201 10 14

Water 3,728
v
263,1
9 16
Water Benzoic Acid 77,327
v
Water 8 15 T-202
17
Benzaldehyde 24
V-201
Benzyl Alcohol 43
To the
2nd reactor
32
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
1. Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid section
Stream16 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)
 Phase separation system
Toluene 0
12
Distillation Oxygen 0
system
Water 3691 263,1
E-202 Benzoic Acid 0
From the
1st reactor 11 D-202 Benzaldehyde 0
13

Benzyl Alcohol 0
7

Stream17 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)

D-201 10 14

Toluene 71
9 16 v Water
v
8 15 T-202
Oxygen 0
Water
17 Water 37 263,1
V-201
Benzoic Acid 77,327
To the Benzaldehyde 24
2nd reactor
Benzyl Alcohol 43 33
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section
 Feed preparation system

Stream18 Stream19 Stream21

Benzoic acid T(°C) 262.37 221 221
from separator 17
P(bar) 10 10 10
st
(1 oxidation section)
Mass flow
C-201 77502 13600 91102
(kg/hr)
Toluene 71 0 71
Oxygen 0 13600 13600
Water 37 0 37
18
Benzoic Acid 77,327 0 77,327

To 2nd Reactor 21 20 19 v Oxygen Benzaldehyde 24 0 24

Benzyl Alcohol 43 0 43
E-206

34
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section Unit R-201
 Reactor system T (°C) 221
Benzoic acid P(bar) 10
from separator Volume (m3) 520
(1st oxidation section)

Stream21 Stream22
Catalyst : cupric benzoate catalyst
18 T(°C) 221 221
P(bar) 10 10
To separation 22 21 20 19 v Oxygen
system Mass flow(kg/hr) 91102 91102
E-206
Toluene 71 71
R-201
Oxygen 13600 7665
Water 37 37
Table 2 The values of the rate constants and activation energies of Benzoic Acid 77,327 32,031
the kinetic reactions at 221 °C and 10 bar. ( M. STOLCOVA and et
al,1986) Benzaldehyde 24 24
Benzyl Alcohol 43 43
Equation k, (min-1) Ea, kJ/mol
4.5 0.124 69 Phenol 0 34907
Carbon dioxide 0 16324
Ref : Oxidation of Benzoic Acid to Phenol in the Vapor Phase, M. STOLCOVA et al, 1986
35
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section Vent gas
25 v
 Phase separation system

To Distillation From
D-204 24 23
2nd reactor
system
V-202
26 E-207

Stream 24 Mass flow : kg/hr T(°C),P(bar)

Unit D-204 Toluene 71

T (°C) 80 Oxygen 7665
P(bar) 1 Water 37
Vapor Benzoic Acid 32031
0.26 80,1
Fraction Benzaldehyde 24
Benzyl Alcohol 43
Phenol 34907
Carbon dioxide 16324
36
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
25 v Vent gas
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section
 Phase separation system
To Distillation From
D-204 24 23 nd
2 reactor
system
V-202
26 E-207

Stream 26 Mass flow T(°C),P(bar) Stream 25 Mass flow T(°C),P(bar)

(kg/hr) (kg/hr)
Toluene 33 Toluene 38
Oxygen 6 Oxygen 7659
Water 21 Water 687
Benzoic Acid 32012 Benzoic Acid 20
80,1 80,1
Benzaldehyde 24 Benzaldehyde 0
Benzyl Alcohol 43 Benzyl Alcohol 0
Phenol 34221 Phenol 686
Carbon dioxide 88
Carbon dioxide 16236 37
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section Unit T-203
Reflux ratio 1
 Phenol purification system
Number of stage 10
Feed stage 5
D/F ratio 0.60
E-209 T , P (Up) 44,1
T , P (Down) 248,1
D-205
v
Phenol 28 From Stream 26 Mass flow : kg/hr
T-203 separation
26
Toluene 33
system
Oxygen 6
Water 21
Benzoic v 27
E-208 Benzoic Acid 32012
acid
Benzaldehyde 24
Benzyl Alcohol 43
Phenol 34221
Carbon dioxide 88 38
Simulation & Result Toluene oxidation process
E-209
99 %wt
2. Oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol section phenol
D-205
 Phenol purification system Phenol
v
28 From
T-203 26 separation
system
Stream 28 Mass flow : kg/hr

Benzoic v E-208
Toluene 33 acid
27

Oxygen 6 Stream 27 Mass flow : kg/hr

Water 0 Toluene 0
Oxygen 0
Benzoic Acid 1500
Water 21
Benzaldehyde 24 Benzoic Acid 30512
Benzyl Alcohol 43 Benzaldehyde 0
Benzyl Alcohol 1
Phenol 34214
Phenol 7
Carbon dioxide 88 39
Carbon dioxide 0
Simulation & Result Comparison of two alternatives
phenol production processes

Cumene oxidation process Toluene oxidation process

Cumene 50,481 Toluene 57,673

Feed flow rate of raw materials (kg/hr)
Oxygen 14,399 Oxygen 32,575
Phenol production rate (kg/hr) 34,458 (about 300 million/year) 34,214 (about 300 million/year)
Purity of Phenol (%wt) 99 99
Number of equipment
Reactor 2 2
Vessel 2 4
Distillation column 3 2

40
Simulation & Result Work Plan
June July August
Project plan Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1
Problem Understanding
- Problem Definition
- Process Description
- Work Plan and Strategy
Process Simulation
- Flow Synthesis
- Mass & Energy balance
- Design of Unit Operation
Equipment Design
- Equipment Sizing
- Costing
Economic Evaluation
- Cash Flow Analysis
- Complete Final Report
41
Thank you

42