Social Respo

SOCIAL RESPONSILITY
TOWARDS THE
COMPETITORS
Unparalleled Leadership
in Education @70 and beyond…
Drivers of Free Market and Global Competition
•The globalization of competition
•Better informed and more discerning customers
•Increasing number of competitors
Protectionism
It is the economic policy of restraining trade between states, through
methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of
other government regulations designed to discourage imports, and prevent
foreign take-over of domestic markets and companies.
Protectionist Policies
Tariffs
Typically, tariffs are imposed on imported
goods. Tariff rates usually vary according to the
type of goods imported.
Import Quotas
to reduce the quantity and therefore
increase the market price of imported goods.
Administrative Barriers
Countries are sometimes accused of
using their various administrative rules (e.g.
regarding food safety, environmental
standards, electrical safety, etc.) as a way to
introduce barriers to imports.
Anti-Dumping Legislation
Supporters of anti-dumping laws argue
that they prevent “dumping” of cheaper foreign
goods that would cause local firms to close
down.
Direct Subsidies
Government subsidies (in the form of
lump-sum payments or cheap loans) are
sometimes given to local firms that cannot
compete well against foreign imports.
Export Subsidies
Export subsidies are often used by
governments to increase exports. Export
subsidies are the opposite of export tariffs,
exporters are paid a percentage of the value of
their exports.
Exchange Rate Manipulation
A government may intervene in the
foreign exchange market to lower the value of
its currency by selling its currency in the foreign
exchange market.
Free Market
It is a market without economic
intervention and regulation by government
except to enforce ownership (“property rights”)
and contracts.
Free-Market Economy
It is an economy where all markets within
it are unregulated by any parties other than
those players in the market.
The ethical justification of free markets
takes two forms:
Deontology
an approach to ethics that judges the
morality of an action based on the action’s
adherence to a rule or rules
Consequentialism
a belief that decentralized planning by a
multitude of individuals making free economic
decisions produces better results.
• Means any fraudulent, deceptive or dishonest trade
practice that is prohibited by statute, regulation, or
the common law.
• It consists of a body of related doctrines that gives
rise to several different causes of actions, including:
a.Actions for infringement of patents, trademarks, or
copyrights;
b.Actions for wrongful appropriation of trade names,
trade dress, and trade secrets; and
c. Actions for publication of defamatory, false or
misleading representations.
UNFAIR COMPETITION
The law of unfair competition serves five
purposes:
First, it seeks to protect the economic,
intellectual and creative investments made by
businesses in distinguishing themselves and
their products.
Second, the law seeks to preserve the good
will that businesses have established with
customers over time.
UNFAIR COMPETITION
The law of unfair competition serves five purposes:
Third, the law seeks to deter businesses from
appropriating the good will of their competitors.
Fourth, the law seeks to promote clarity and stability
by encouraging customers to rely on a merchant’s
trade name and reputation when evaluating the
quality and prices of rival products.
Fifth, the law of unfair competition seeks to increase
competition by providing businesses with incentives
to offer better goods and services than others in the
same field.
UNFAIR COMPETITION
The law of unfair competition serves five purposes:
Third, the law seeks to deter businesses from
appropriating the good will of their competitors.
Fourth, the law seeks to promote clarity and stability
by encouraging customers to rely on a merchant’s
trade name and reputation when evaluating the
quality and prices of rival products.
Fifth, the law of unfair competition seeks to increase
competition by providing businesses with incentives to
offer better goods and services than others in the
same field.
The Law of Unfair Competition
•Free Market Theory underlying the law
•Interference with business relations
•Infringement upon trademarks, trade names
and service marks.
The Law of Unfair Competition
•Free Market Theory underlying the law
•Interference with business relations
•Infringement upon trademarks, trade names
and service marks.
Trademarks
consists of words, logos, symbols, slogan, and
other devices that are affixed to goods for the
purpose of signifying their origin and authenticity to
the public.
Trade Names
are used to identify corporations, partnerships,
sole proprietorship, and other business entities.
Trade Dress
refers to a product’s physical appearance,
including its size, shape, texture, and design.
Infringement upon Copyrights and Patents
and Theft of Trade Secrets
The intangible assets of a business include not
only its trade name and other identifying trade
devices but also its inventions, creative works,
and artistic efforts. Broadly defined as trade
secrets, this body of commercial information may
consist of any formula, pattern, process, program,
tool, technique, mechanism, or compound that
provides a business with the opportunity to gain
an advantage over a competitor.
Three specific types of representation:
• false representations that goods or
services have certain characteristics,
ingredients, uses, benefits, or quantities,
• false representations that goods and
services are new or original; and
• false representation that goods or
services are of a particular grade, standard, or
quality.
Trade Defamation
The law of trade defamation regulates
communications that tend to lower the
reputation of a business in the eyes of the
community.
Trade Libel
generally refers to written communications
that tend to bring a business into disrepute.
Trade Slander
refers to defamatory oral communications.
Trust (Monopoly)
Special trust or business trust is a
business entity formed with intent to
monopolize business, to restrain trade, or to fix
prices.
Monopoly exists when a specific individual or
an enterprise has sufficient control over a
particular product or service to determine
significantly the terms on which other
individuals shall have access to it.
Oligopoly
A market dominated by a small number of
participants who are able to collectively exert
control over supply and market prices.
Cartel
A cartel is a formal (explicit) agreement
among competing firms
There are several factors that will affect the
firms’ ability to monitor a cartel:
•Number of firms in industry
•Characteristics of products sold by the firms
•Production costs of each member
•Behavior of demand
•Frequency of sales and their charactertistics
Intellectual Property
constitutes those original creative works that
have economic value and are protected by law.
Patent Law
protects inventions that demonstrate
technological progress.
Copyright Law
protects a variety of literary and artistic
works, including paintings, sculpture, prose,
poetry, plays, musical compositions, dances,
photographs, motion pictures, radio and television
programs, sound recordings, and computer
software.
Trademark Law
protects words and symbols that serve to
identify different brands of goods and services in
the marketplace.
Trade Secret Law
protects confidential information that belongs
to a business and gives the business a competitive
advantage
Right of Publicity Law
protects the right to use one’s own name or
likeness for commercial purposes

Social Respo

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Social Respo

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

SOCIAL RESPONSILITY

Potrebbero piacerti anche