BEAM COLUMN JOINT

GOPIKA MOHAN
P170028CE

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 BEAM COLUMN JOINT
• Joints the weakest links in a structural system

• Beam column joint Portion of column within the depth of the beam that
frame into it

• Reinforced Concrete failures - Mainly due to inadequate attention given to

reinforcement detailing

• At beam column joints sharp discontinuities occur proper reinforcement and

proper anchorage has to be provided to resist resulting tension
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BEAM COLUMN JOINT

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 EARTHQUAKE BEHAVIOUR OF JOINTS
• Under earthquake shaking, the beams adjoining a joint are subjected to moments in the
same direction

• Under these moments the top bars in the beam-column joint are pulled in one direction
and the bottom bars are pulled in opposite direction

• If the column is not wide enough or if the strength of the concrete in the joint is low,
there is insufficient grip of concrete on the steel bars

• In such circumstances, the bar slips inside the joint region and the beams loose their
capacity to carry load
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 EARTHQUAKE BEHAVIOUR OF JOINTS
• Further under the action of above pull push forces at top and bottom ends, one
diagonal end of the joint elongates and the other compresses.

• If the column sectional size is insufficient, the concrete in the joint develops
diagonal cracks

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FAILURE OF BEAM COLUMN JOINTS

Failure due to insufficient

confinement of concrete

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FAILURE OF BEAM COLUMN JOINTS

Corner beam-column joint

failure during the Abruzzo
earthquake (Italy, 2009)

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 CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

POSITION
LOAD BASIS
BASIS
• Type I • Exterior joint
• Type II • Interior joint
• Corner joint
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 CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

• Type 1 Joints  these joints have members designed to satisfy strength

requirements, without significant inelastic deformation. These are non-seismic
joints.
• Type 2 Joints  these joints have members that are required to dissipate
energy through reversals of deformation into the inelastic range. These are
seismic joints.

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CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

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Reference: www.sefindia.org
 SHEAR STRENGTH OF A JOINT
• By ACI-ASCE Committee 352,

Vu ≤  Vn
• Vu =Applied shear force,

• Vn =Nominal shear strength of the joint

• =Strength reduction factor=0.75

• Applied Shear Force, Vu is calculated on a horizontal plane at midheight of the joint

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 JOINT LOADS AND RESULTING FORCES

Gravity Lateral
loads loads

Above plane
a-a,
Above plane b-b,
Vu=T1-T2-V3
Vu=T1+C2-V3

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 NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTH
Vn=√fc’bjh
• bj=Effective joint width (inch)
• h=Thickness of column in direction of loading (inch)
• fc’=Compressive strength of concrete in nodal zone(pound/inch 2)
Values of γ for beam to column connections
Continuous column Discontinuous column
Type 2 Type 2
Joint Type 1 Type 1
(moment (moment
(Gravity (Gravity
resisting resisting
frames) frames)
frames) frames)
Interior 24 20 20 15
Exterior 20 15 15 12
Corner 15 12 12 8 13
 JOINTS
EXTERIOR JOINT INTERIOR JOINT

Beams should cover atleast Atleast 2 beams framing into opposite

¾ th width of the column sides of the joint
Total depth of the Width of beams on the 2 opposite faces
shallowest beam ≥ ¾ th total of the joint ≥ ¾ th width of column
depth of deepest beam at joint Depth of the 2 beams ≥ ¾ th total depth
of deepest beam at joint
Otherwise it is an exterior
joint Otherwise it is a corner joint

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 EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF JOINT (bj)

bj =Effective joint width

bb =Beam width

If bb < bc  smaller of bc =Column width

• bj =(bb + bc)/2
hc=column depth
• bj =bb + ∑mhc/2
m= m is a slope
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 EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF JOINT (bj)

If e > bc/8 , m=0.3

otherwise, m=0.5

If bb > bc

• bj = bc

Plan of joint 16
 CONFINEMENT &TRANVERSE JOINT
REINFORCEMENT
• Performance  Lateral confinement of joint

• Benefits
o Core concrete is strengthened and strain capacity is improved
o Vertical column bars are prevented from buckling outwards

• Confinement provided either by:

• Beams that frame into the joint

• Special column ties provided within the joint region

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 ANCHORAGE &DEVELOPMENT OF BEAM
REINFORCEMENT

• Interior joints, flexural reinforcement in beam entering one face is continued

for the other beam in opposite direction, so no pull out problem

• For exterior and corner joints, no continuation, so proper anchorage is

required

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STRUT AND TIE MODEL FOR A JOINT

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WIDE BEAM

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 WIDE BEAM JOINT
• Joints having beam width greater than the column width.

• Many codes of practice restrict the use of wide beam column system to restrict
lateral loads through limiting the maximum beam width.

• Not directly addressed in ACI Committee 352 report, although most of the
report’s provision are applicable.

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EXAMPLE....
Figure shows a typical exterior joint in the floor of a wide-beam structure, design to resist
gravity loads. Here beams in each direction are 8 inch wider than the corresponding column
dimension. Check the proposed joint geometry and shear strength, and design the transverse
joint reinforcement .

Material strengths are

• fc’ =4000 psi
• fy =60000 psi
• Storey height = 12 ft.

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 Required Development Length Of Top Bars

Side cover of beam top bars

= dia of column bar + dia of tie + side cover of column
= 1.41 + 0.5 + 1.5 = 3.41in (> 2.51in)
Hence, a modification factor of 0.7 is applicable.

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 Modifying Multipliers Of Development Length

• β - Coating Factor: (a) Epoxy-coated cover <3db; β= 1.5

(b) All other epoxy-coated; β=1.2

(c) Uncoated reinforcement; β=1.0

• λ - Light weight (a) Lightweight aggregate concrete; λ=1.3

aggregate factor: (b) Normal weight concrete; λ=1.0

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 Development length
• Available development length
• = (width of column – side cover of column – dia of ties)
• = 20.0 – 1.5 – 0.5 = 18.0
• This exceeds the minimum required embedment(16.9in).
• Hence , development length is adequate.

(Section through spandrel beam)

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 Nominal Moment
•  Tensile force applied by the top bar is

• Depth of compressive stress block is

• Corresponding moment is

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 Shear Check
•  Column shear are based on free body diagram shown

• Thus shear stress at mid-depth is

Vu= 305 – 34.3 = 270 kips

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 Nominal Design Shear Strength
• Nominal strength is

• For exterior type joint and full width confinement  ϒ = 20

• When beam width exceeds column width, the joint width bj is to be taken
equal to the column width (24 inch in this case )

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 Design shear strength

• Since design shear strength is well above applied shear strength (Vu) of 207 kips,
shear requirement is met.

• Transverse confinement steel must be provided in the direction of the normal beam,
between the top and bottom bars of the normal beam, with spacing not to exceed 12
inch, two sets of No. 4 (No 13) column ties will be used.

Section through spandrel beam

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 REFERENCES
• Design of concrete structures ,ARTHUR H.NILSON, DAVID DARWIN CHARLES
W.DOLAN
• Recommendation For Design Of Beam Column Connections In Monolithic
Reinforced Structures by ACI 352R:02

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THANK YOU……

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