STYLE,

CONTEXT AND
REGISTER

Group 13
Amalia Gresiwari
Rialdo Dwi Yesa
1.ADDRESSEE AS AN INFLUENCE ON STYLE
• Who is the addressee, listener or the people we are talking to.
• It is usually seen from the intimacy of the listener, the background, the
intensity when the speaker meet the listener determine the style or
variations of the language we use.
• The better you know someone, the more casual and relaxed the speech
style you will use to them.
Example :
To brother in home : “hey bro! where is my smartphone?”
To other people : “Excuse me mam, may I know what time is it?”
• Chaer (2004) stated that firstly variation of language can differentiate
by the speaker and the user.
1.1 AGE OF ADDRESSEE
• People talk differently to children and to adults.
• To children : we will use an easy, understandable and simple
style of language and grammatical structure.
• To adults : the grammatical structure that we used is more
complex.
Example :
To children : “do you want to eat?” (“ade mau mam?”)
To adults : “are you starving?”
1.2 SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF ADDRESSEE
• A language variation which are regard to status, class, social
class of speaker.
• Concerned with all the personal problems of the speaker such
as age, education, sex, occupation, level of nobility and socio-
economic circumstances.
2. ACCOMMODATION THEORY
how to adjust when communicating between the speaker and the
listener.
1) SPEECH CONVERGENCE
when people talk to each other their speech often becomes more similar. In
other words, each person’s speech converges towards the speech of the
person they are talking to. This process is called speech accommodation .
It tends to happen when the speakers like one another, or where one
speaker has a vested interest in pleasing the other or putting them at ease.
2) SPEAKERS ACCOMMODATE
• When people simplify their vocabulary and grammar in talking to
foreigners or children, they are converging downwards towards
the lesser linguistic proficiency of their addressees. In multilingual
countries with many varieties to choose from, people may
accommodate to others by selecting the code that is most
comfortable for their addressees

3) SPEECH DIVERGENCE
• For obvious reasons, the respondents deliberately diverged from
the speech style, and even the language, of the person
addressing them. Deliberately choosing a language not used by
one’s addressee is the clearest example of speech divergence..
4) Stylisation
• A stylised performance may involve features of a particular regional
accent, or stigmatised vernacular grammatical features, or very formal
grammar, or very erudite vocabulary, or high pitch or a distinctive
intonation pattern.
5) ACCOMODATION PROBLEMS
• Missed communication : a situation where the message from the
speaker can not be understand by the listener.
• Missed communication in a text or verbal conversation → the
listener can ask the speaker directly.
• Missed communication in a written text → the reader can try to
find the shared knowledge by search in the internet or read the
other books.
:
3. CONTEXT, STYLE AND CLASS

a. FORMAL CONTEXT AND SOCIAL ROLES

The form of the remark or utterance of someone in a conversation
that adjust with the social roles or the setting of place.
b. DIFFERENT STYLES WITHIN AN INTERVIEW
The basis for the distinctions between the styles was the amount of
attention people were paying to their speech. In a situation which
involved two strangers, an interview schedule of questions to be
answered, and a tape recorder as another member of the
audience, it was relatively easy to elicit more formal styles
c COLLOQUIAL STYLE OR THE VERNACULAR
• The style of language that used everyday in daily life or the native
language (accent).
• Used when people are speaking in an informal way or using an
informal style.

d. THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL CLASS AND STYLE

When we combine information about the way people from different social
groups speak with information about the way people speak in different contexts.
When they shift styles, people often adopt the linguistic features of a different
group.
e. HYPERCORRECTION
• An attempt to justify a language in a sentence or
phrases, but it leads to the wrong result.
• The use of some of the rules of pronunciation or
grammar rules that many users assume the language
is not correct.
4. STYLE IN NON – WESTERN SOCIETIES

Example : Javanese
If the speaker is a high social, the language is tend to be
more subtle (Krama Inggil).
If the speaker is a low social, the language is tend to be
rough (Ngoko).
5.REGISTER
5.1 Sport announcer talk
When people describe a sporting event, the language they use is quite
clearly distinguishable from language used in other contexts. The most
obvious distinguishing feature is generally the vocabulary.
5.1.1 Syntactic reduction
Sports announcers often omit the subject noun or pronoun
5.1.2 Syntactic invertion
Reversal or inversion of the normal word order is another feature
of sports announcer talk.
 5.1.3 Heavy noun modification
People rather than action are the focus of interest at certain points during the
sports announcer’s spiel. When this is the case, the subject nouns which are the
focus of interest are often heavily modified both after the noun
5.1.4 Routines and formulas
An interesting feature of sports commentaries, including race calling
(the commentary accompanying a horse race), is the use of routines to
reduce the memory burden on the speaker. The same feature has been
identifi ed in other situations where the memory burden from information
which must be simultaneously processed and communicated is potentially
very high, such as livestock auctions in New Zealand, tobacco auctions in
the USA and North American ice hockey commentaries. These registers
are all characterised by the extensive use of oral formulas. The formulas
involve a small number of fixed syntactic patterns and a narrow range of
lexical items.
CONCLUSION
Style, context and register :
• A continuity and related each other
• Already in our self
• Language use
• Style → the style of language
• Context → the concept of the conversation, the structure of
the language , how people communicate, how people unify
their concept to achieve the same concept or ideas.
• Register → the variation of language depend on the user.