The Plant Kingdom

A] CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
B] PLANT ORGANS
- Vegetative organs
- Reproductive organs
C] PLANT NUTRITION
- Photosynthesis
- Mineral Nutrition
D] REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
- Asexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction
A] CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
B] PLANT ORGANS

- Vegetative organs
- Reproductive organs
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - root

• it tightens the plant in the ground

• it receives water and nutrients
• storage function
• tack function
• aerial roots
• roots of parasitic plants (mistletoe)
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - root

• storage function:
• storage of various substances
• root thickens
• carrot
• horseradish
• tubers
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - root
• tack function:
• clingy roots
• attaching by creeping plants
• ivy
• airy roots:
• they hang loosely from the plant stem
• gaining water from atmospheric moisture
• tropical plants
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - root
• parasitic roots:
• parasitic plants
• they embeds into the host tissue
• they draw nutrients - mistletoe
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - stem

• it carries the organs of photosynthesis - leaves

• it carries the organs of sexual reproduction –
flowers
• it leads solutions of nutrients and storage
substances
• it enables the growth
• storage function – tuber (kohlrabi)
VEGETATIVE ORGANS - stem branching
VEGETATIVE ORGANS - stem
VEGETATIVE ORGANS - leaf
• the main role is
photosynthesis
• it controls water
economy
 VEGETATIVE ORGANS - leaf
• shapes of leaf blade:
• simple
• leaves have a coherent outline
• composed
• leaves are formed by separate small leaves
• leaf margin:
• entire
• dentate
• saw-like
• double saw-like
VEGETATIVE ORGANS – leaf margin
VEGETATIVE ORGANS – composed leafs
VEGETATIVE ORGANS – simple leafs
VEGETATIVE ORGANS – simple leafs
VEGETATIVE ORGANS – simple leafs
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
 Male Reproductive Parts
• Stamen – the male
reproductive part of a
flower.

• Pollen – is a powder that

contains male reproductive
cells that is produced by
stamen.
 Female Reproductive Parts
• Pistil – contains the female
reproductive parts of a flower.

• Ovary – part of the flower in

which seeds develop, located at
the bottom of the pistil in a
hollow structure.
Pollination
• Pollination – when pollen is
transferred from the stamens by wind
and animals to the top of the pistil.
• Pollinators – animals that transfer
pollen
• Ex: bees, butterflies, insects, &
hummingbirds
Steps of Pollination
• 1) Pollinator visits a flower
• 2) pollen rubs off the male part of flower onto the
animal’s body
• 3) pollen falls off onto the female part of that flower
or another flower.
• 4)once transferred, pollen travels down into the
ovary, where fertilizes the egg—fertilization occurs.
• 5) Each fertilized egg in a flowering plant can develop
into a seed  ovary into a fruit  fruit contains seed
that will grow into new plant
Anatomy of a Seed
• Embryo – a tiny new plant contained in
each seed.
• Cotyledon – parts where the stored food
is located
• 3 things each seed has:
• Embryo
• Cotyledon (stored food)
• Seed coat
Types of Pollination
• Self Pollination – pollen is
carried from stamen to pistil of
SAME flower

• Cross Pollination – pollen is

carried to from stamen to pistil
of a DIFFERENT flower
Dispersal Mechanisms
• 3 Types of Dispersal:
• 1)Self Dispersal – when ovary splits or
divides releasing seeds
• 2)Wind Dispersal – dispersal via wind
• Helicopters, dandelions, etc.

• 3)Animal Dispersal – dispersal via animal

• Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.
Germination
• Once a seed is dispersed, if it lands in soil it may
germinate.
• Germination – is the sprouting of a new plant from a
seed (seed developing into a plant).
Steps of Germination
• 1) First, seed absorbs so much water that it swells and
bursts its seed coat.
• 2) Stored food inside provides energy for the roots,
stem, and leaves to start growing.
• 3) After plant emerges from soil, it can capture
sunlight and perform photosynthesis.