CHAPTER 11

TUBERCULOSIS
 HELLO!
ALIFIA SYAMSI INTANI NINA AINA YASMIN
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FIA AMELIA URFA KHANSA AZZAHRA

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MUTIA SIDQI
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 INTRODUCTION

TB is an airborne disease caused by the bacterium

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(M. tuberculosis). In the United States, the majority
of TB cases are caused by M. tuberculosis.
M. tuberculosis organisms are also called tubercle
bacilli.
 WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS?

TB is a contagious disease that is transmitted

from person to person through coughing and
breathing in airborne droplets that contain
bacteria. TB primarily affects the lungs, but can
affect any part of the body. As one of the most
common infections in the world, TB remains a
major problem in many countries and among
vulnerable populations.
Tuberculosis Vaccination
• in some countries, BCG injections are given to children to
vaccinate them againts tuberculosis. It is not recommended
for general use in the U.S. because it ia not effecttive in
adults and it can adversely influence the result of skin
testing diagnoses.
Tuberculosis Types
A TB infection doesn’t mean you’ll get sick. There are two
forms of the disease:

Doctors make a distinction between two kinds of

tuberculosis infection: latent and active.

Latent TB - the bacteria remain in the body in an

inactive state. They cause no symptoms and are not
contagious, but they can become active.
Active TB - the bacteria do cause symptoms and
can be transmitted to others.
 Tuberculosis Signs and Symptoms
There aren’t any for latent TB. You’ll need to get a skin or blood
 test to find out whether you have it.

Night active
There are usually signs if you• have sweatsTB disease.
They include: • Chills
• A cough that lasts more
than 3 weeks
• Chest pain
• Fever
• Coughing up blood
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling tired all the time
• Weight loss
 Tuberculosis Causes and How TB Is Spread

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread

through the air, just like a cold or the flu. When
someone who has it coughs, sneezes, talks, laughs,
or sings, tiny droplets that contain the germs are
released. If you breathe in these germs, you can get it.

Tuberculosis germs don’t thrive on surfaces. You

can’t get the disease from shaking hands with
someone who has it or by sharing their food or
drink. 
TB is spread from person to person through the air.
 Prevention
To help stop the spread of TB:
 I you have latent TB, take all your medication so you don’t
develop active TB, which is contagious
 If you have active TB, limit your contact with other people
at work,school, or home
 Cover your mouth with a mask when you laugh, sneeze or
cough
 If you are traveling to a place where TB is common, avoid
getting close to or spending a lot of time in crowded
places with people who have TB
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

1. Skin Test
This is also known as the Mantoux
tuberculin skin test. A health care worker
injects a small amount of fluid into the skin
of your lower arm.
If your results are positive, you probably
have been infected with TB bacteria.
2. Blood Test 
These tests, also called interferon-gamma
release assays or IGRAs, measure the
response when TB proteins are mixed with
a small amount of your blood.
Tuberculosis Treatment
• If you have latent TB, your doctor will probably
give you medications to kill the bacteria so you
don’t develop active TB. If you start to see any of
the symptoms of active TB, call your doctor right
away.
• Your doctor will treat active TB with a combination
of medications. You’ll take them for 6 to 12 months.

Whether you have latent or active TB, it’s important

to finish taking all of your medications, even if you
feel better after starting them.
Tuberculosis Complications
A healthy immune system fights the TB bacteria.
But if you have any following, you might not be able to fens
off active TB disease:
 HIV or AIDS
 Diabetes
 Severe kidney disease
 Head and neck cancers
 Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy
 Low body weight and malnutrition
 Medications for organ transplants
thank you.