SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

EXTRACTION
PRESENTED BY : MAHIMA BAID
ROLL NO :1655063
DEPT : CHEMICAL
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 CONTENT
• Supercritical fluid
• Properties of supercritical fluid
• Solvents
• Supercritical fluid extraction
• Sfe resembles solvent extraction
• Flow sheet
• Parts of sfe
• Procedure
• Modes of extraction
• Applications
• Advantages
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• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
 SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
• It can diffuse like a gas and dissolve material like a liquid
• A fluid is termed supercritical when the temperature and pressure are higher
than the corresponding critical values.

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 PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

• Combine properties of gases and liquids

• Lead to reactions, which are difficult to achieve in
conventional solvents.
• Good solvating power
• Solubility increases with increasing density
• Commonly miscible with permanent gases (e.G.
N2 or H2).

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 SOLVENTS
• Supercritical CO2 is most widely used solvent
because of its :-
 Low critical parameters (31.1º C, 73.8 bar)
 Low cost and non- toxic

• some organic solvents

• Chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) are good solvents
because of their high density.
• Water as scf has become quite popular because
of unique properties of water above its critical
point. (374º C, 218 atm)

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 SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

The process of separating one component (the

extractant) from another (the matrix)
using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent.

It is based on the principle -that solubility in a

supercritical fluid increase dramatically with
increasing density and different solutes have
different solubility at the same condition.

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SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION RESEMBLES SOLVENT EXTRACTION

SOLVENT SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION

EXTRACTION
SOLVENT SUPERCRITICAL
(PASS THROUGH) SOLVENT
(PASS THROUGH)

SOLIDS
SOLIDS
DISSOLVED SOLUTE
DISSOLVED SOLUTE
EXTRACT RAFFINATE
EXTRACT 7

RAFFINATE
(SC
 FLOW SHEET

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1. Solvent pump 3
2. Modifier pump
3. Extraction cell
4. Fractionation cell 2 5
5. Fractionation cell 6
6. Valve
7. Trapping vessel 1
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 PARTS OF SFE

• SOLVENT PUMP- Delivers the solvent throughout the system

• MODIFIER PUMP-Increases the polarity of solvent

• EXTRACTOR- Made up of stainless steel to withstand high pressure

-Size ranges from 50-100 ml

-Usually in an oven to control the temperature

• SEPARATORS- One or more to collect the extract and the solvent is depressurized

• VALVES- Helps in controlling process pressure , pumps flow rates , chiller , boiler and temperature in
every section

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 PROCEDURE:
INTRODUCTION OF FEED INTO EXTRACTOR (SOLID FEED) EITHER CO-CURRENTLY OR
COUNTER CURRENTLY AND PRESSURIZED WITH SCF

FORMATION OF MOBILE PHASE: MIXING OF SOLUTES WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

EXPOSURE TO (50-500) ATM AND TEMPERATURE NEAR OR ABOVE THE CRITICAL

POINT FOR ENHANCING THE MOBILE PHASE SOLVATING POWER

ISOLATION OF DISSOLVED SOLUTE BY PRECIPITATION

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 MODES OF SCF EXTRACTION
• STATIC MODE (STEADY
STATE)
• Sample soaked in a fixed amount
of supercritical fluid
• Can be compared to tea bag in cup
of water
• DYNAMIC MODE (NON-STEADY STATE)
• SCF continuously passes
through the sample matrix
• Analogous to a coffee
maker
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 APPLICATIONS
• Used in industries for the extraction of various natural
products
-Decaffeination of coffee
-Extraction of hops used in beer extraction
-Extraction of oleoresin from spices
• Extraction of essential oils -from black pepper , jojoba
• Flavonoids extraction
• Rapid analysis for fat content
• Rapid analysis for pesticides in foods 12
 ADVANTAGES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT - Reduced product contamination And

no extra emissions
SELECTIVITY - Solvent strength can be varied by changing pressure and
temperature
SPEED -It is a diffusion-based process and diffusivities of scf are much
higher than liquids so it is a faster process
PURITY – Scf can be separated from analyte by releasing the pressure
RECOVERY – Easily recoverable

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 DISADVANTAGES

• Elevated pressure required

• Phase equilibrium of the solvent/solute system is complex ,
making design of extraction condition difficult
• CO2 itself is non-polar and has somewhat limited dissolving
power
• Added solvents can complicate further downstream
processing

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 CONCLUSION

• Extraction by means of supercritical carbon FLUID can be expected to improve

efficiency , including shorter extraction times and simplified procedures when
compared with extraction techniques that employ organic solvents
• Suitable for extraction and purification of compounds having low volatility
• High B.P components are extracted at relatively low temperatures
• Thermally liable compounds can be extracted
• Low handling cost

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 REFERENCES
• Bruno, t. J., Nieto de castro, c. A, hamel, J.-F. P. And palavra, A. F. (1993)
• “Supercritical fluid extraction of biological products. In
• Recovery processes for biological materials”,
• Pp. 303-354 (editors kennedy, J. F. And cabral, J. M. S.).Wiley, chichester.Clifford, tony (1999).
• Fundamentals of supercritical fluids”
• . oxford:oxford science publications.Ekhtera, m.R., Mansoori, G.A., Mensinger, M.C., Rehmat, A. And deville,
B."Supercritical fluid extraction for remediation of contaminated soil" in"supercritical fluids: extraction and
pollution prevention" M. Abraham anda.Sunol (editors), ACSSS vol. # 670, pp. 280-298, american chemical
society,washington, D.C., 1997.King, jerry W
• . (2002). “Supercritical fluid technology for lipid extraction,fractionation and reactions”
• . In tsung min kuo and harold gardner.
• Lipid biotechnology
• . new york: marcel dekker inc. Pp. 663
• 687.Kwak, T.Y. And mansoori, G.A. "Van der waals mixing rules for cubic equationsof state - applications for
supercritical fluid extraction modelling", chemicaleng. Science, 41, 5, pp.1303-1309, 1986.
• Kwon, y.J. And. Mansoori, G.A. "Solubility modeling of solids insupercritical fluids using the kirkwood-b 16
 Thank you…
STEPPING FORWARD TOWARDS GREEN
CHEMISTRY…
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