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INTRODUCTION
Strain- A Strain is a sub group of species with one or
more characteristics that distinguish it from other sub groups
of the same species of the strain.
- Each strain is identified by a name, number or letter.
Example:- E.coli K12
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v
The following points highlight the four methods to detect and isolate
mutants
1. Replica Plating Technique
2. Resistance Selection Method
3. Substrate Utilization Method
4. Activity on agar media
1. REPLICA PLATING TECHNIQUE:
Ex. Colonies which shows more intense zones on skim milk agar
plates will be selected as mutants for production of protease
- Metabolic Engineering
- Genome shuffling
Recombinant proteins:
These are the proteins produced by the
transferred gene / transgene ; they themselves are
of commercial value.
v.Isolation of mutants
Metabolic engineering
When metabolic activities of an organism are modified, which
affect enzymatic, transport and /or regulatory function of its
cells its known as Metabolic Engineering.
Product Modification
Completely new metabolite
Enhance growth include enhanced substrate utilization.
Genome Shuffling
Itis a novel technique for strain improvement that allows
for recombination between multiple parents at each
generation and several rounds of recursive genome fusion
were carried out resulting in the final improved strain
involving genetic trait from multiple initial strains.
RECOMBINATION
Defined as formation of new gene combinations among
those present in different strains.
Recombination is used for strain improvement and to
generate new products
Recombination may be based on:-
- Transformation
- Conjugation
- Transduction
- others like protoplast fusion
Protoplast fusion
• Protoplasts are the cells of which cell walls are removed