WHAT IS A THREE PHASE

LOCO?
• Works on single phase AC- 25 kV, 50 Hz,
supply but TMs are three phase Induction
machines.
• Simple squirrel cage induction motor.
• Torque speed characteristics modified to
suit traction application with the help of
VVVF.
 LANDMARKS
• 1993 – ToT Agreement was signed between
IR and ABB transportation systems Ltd.,
Zurich, Switzerland
– Agreement was called IRGP – 140
– 20 WAG-9 and 10 WAP-5 locomotives were
imported
• 1996 – First WAG-9
• 1998 – First CLW make WAG-9 locomotive
• 2000 – First WAP-7 locomotive ‘Navkiran’
• 2000 – First WAP-5 locomotive ‘Navodit’
 LANDMARKS
• 2000 – First WAG-9H locomotive
‘Navshakti’
• 2009 – First WAG-9i with IGBT based
Traction Converter
• 2010 – First WAP-7 with HoG Scheme.
• 2010 – First full IGBT WAG-9
• 2011 – First WAG-9H with Locotrol
 SALIENT FEATURES
• Variants
– WAG-9 6000 HP, Co-Co, 460 kN Starting
TE
– WA9-9H 6000 HP, Co-Co, 500 kN Starting
TE
– WAP-7 6000 HP, Co-Co, 140 kmph
– WAP-5 5400 HP, Bo-Bo, 160 kmph, Fully
Suspended TM
• Microprocessor based control
• 3-Phase Induction Motor drive
• Regeneration of energy
Progress of Power Electronics in the Field
of Electric Locos

• Valve Technology
– Mercury Arc Rectifiers 1961-63
• Solid State Rectifiers
• Silicon Diodes 1964
• Thyristor 1980s
• GTOs with VVVF Control 1990s
• IGBTs for auxiliary supply 1990s
 Advantages of DC Drive

• Simple Control

– Rheostat, Tap-Changer, Thyristor

• Ideal Torque – Speed Characteristics

 Problems with DC Drive

• Traction Motor Maintenance – High

• Stepped Control – Less Adhesion

• Higher Un-sprung Mass

• Life Cycle Cost - High

VVVF DRIVE
Speed Control by Rotor
Rheostat (cont’d)
3 PHASE TECHNOLOGY
`
TFP PWM CONVERTER DC LINK VVVF CONVERTER AC TM

MODERN 3-PHASE PROPULSION SYSTEM

 Conceptual Circuit

Converter DC Link Inverter

 Three Phase Drive
• Maintenance – Low due to Induction Motor
• Energy Saving – High due to Regeneration
• Unity power factor
• Adhesion Characteristics - Better
• Control – Very Complex
• Initial Cost – High
• Life Cycle Cost - Low
 DC Motors Vs 3Ø AC Motor
• High starting torque is a traction
requirement
– DC motor is better in this parameter

– AC motor can be intelligently used to

attain same performance

• Power/Weight (KW/Kg) ratio

– AC 3Ø: 0.3
– DC: 0.1

• Maintenance requirements
– More wear & tear in DC Motor

• Losses:
– DC Motor has more Copper losses
 Three Phase Technology
• Regenarative Braking
–3 phase EMUs
•Energy regenarated is 40% of energy
consumed.
•Approx. saving of 78 lakhs per rake per year
–3 phase Locomotives
•Energy regenarated is 12% of energy
consumed.
•Approx. saving of 23 lakhs per loco per year
15
Driver’s Cab
Traction Converter
Auxiliary Converter
Control Electronics
Transformer
Traction Motor-Freight