Inheritance

 

1st Semester AY 2017-2018

Review…

 Encapsulation binds together code and the data it

manipulates and keeps them both safe from
outside interference and misuse.
 In object oriented programming methodology, it
prevents access to implementation details.
 Encapsulation is implemented by using access
specifiers. An access specifier defines the scope
and visibility of a class member.
Review…

 Public access specifier allows a class to expose its member

variables and member functions to other functions and
objects. Any public member can be accessed from outside
the class.
 Private access specifier allows a class to hide its member
variables and member functions from other functions and
objects. Only functions of the same class can access its
private members. Even an instance of a class cannot access
its private members.
Review…

 A property is simply a method which can help us add logic

to, when the value of a field is retrieved or set. We want to
make sure that the value passed to our field is acceptable.
 It has two parts: get and set.
 The get part is called when we retrieve or get value from a
field.
 The set part is called whenever we give or set a value to a
field.
namespace Properties
{
class Car
{
private int numberOfDoors;
public int NumberOfDoors {
get { return numberOfDoors; }
set {
if ( value >= 2 && value <= 6 )
numberOfDoors = value;
else
numberOfDoors = 2; }
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Car myCar = new Car ();
myCar.NumberOfDoors=250;
Console.WriteLine (myCar.NumberOfDoors);
Console.ReadKey ();
}
}
}
Constructors in C#

 A class constructor is a special

function or method that is
automatically executed whenever we
create new objects of that class.
 A constructor can run only once when
a class is created. Furthermore, the
code in the constructor always runs
before any other code in a class.
 A constructor will have exact same
name as the class and it does not
have any return type.
Object is being created
Length of line : 6
 A constructor that takes no parameters is called a default
constructor. Default constructors are invoked whenever an
object is instantiated by using the new operator and no
arguments are provided to new.

 Constructors may also take parameters. This technique is

called “overloading constructors” and helps to assign initial
value to an object at the time of its creation.

 Classes can define multiple constructors and is not required

to define a default constructor.

 Overloaded methods (and constructors) must differ in their

signature. This means that they must have a different
number of parameters or parameters having a different
type (or both).
Object is being created, length = 10
Length of line : 10
Length of line : 6
This class can be created by using either of the following
statements:

Employee e1 = new Employee(30000);

Employee e2 = new Employee(500, 52);
Inheritance

 Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of

another class, which makes it easier to create and
maintain an application. This also provides an
opportunity to reuse the code functionality and
fast implementation time.

 The idea of inheritance implements the “IS-A”

relationship. For example, mammal “IS-A” animal,
dog “IS-A” mammal hence dog “IS-A” animal as
well and so on.
Inheritance

 When creating a class, instead of writing

completely new data members and member
functions, the programmer can designate that the
new class to inherit the members of an existing
class.

 This existing class is called thebase class, and the

new class is referred to as the derived class.
Syntax: Base and Derived Classes

The syntax used in C# for creating derived classes is as

follows:
Protected and Internal Access Modifiers

 Protected access specifier allows a child class to access

the member variables and member functions of its base
class. This way it helps in implementing inheritance.

 Internal access specifier allows a class to expose its

member variables and member functions to other
functions and objects in the current assembly. In other
words, any member with internal access specifier can be
accessed from any class or method defined within the
application in which the member is defined.
Total area: 35