CE-309

SA-III
Introduction
Learning Outcomes

■ Review Slope Deflection Technique for beams, frames

(with and without sway)

■ Review Basic Linear Algebra and Matrix Inversion Schemes

■ Introduction to MATLAB Interface and problem

demonstration
Slope Deflection Technique
(recall SA-II)
Derivation of Slope-Deflection Method (SDM)

■ Before we formally introduce matrix approach, lets step back and

derive SDM.
Sign convention for positive
slopes/angles, end moments and
relative displacement of far end
node
Frame-Restrained
Determine the internal moments at each
joint of the frame shown. Take E=
200GPa

1. Is the structure stable?

2. What’s the static indeterminacy of
the structure?
3. What’s the kinematic
indeterminacy of the structure?
Frame-Unrestrained (HW1)
Determine the moments at each joint for the
frame shown. EI is constant.

1. Is the structure stable?

2. What’s the static indeterminacy of the
structure?
3. What’s the kinematic indeterminacy of
the structure?
4. Solve for the unknowns using
upper triangular Gaussian
decomposition

5. Prove that for relative settlement

case discussed in class, Mab=Mba,
using Flexibility/Compatibility based
approach.
HW-1 contd.
 Linear Algebra (important key-
words)
Aij Notation

Row Matrix A(B+C) = AB + AC

Column Matrix A(BC)=(AB)C Positive Definite Matrix

Diagonal Matrix Transpose(Aij)=Aji Eigen Values/Eigen

vectors
Identity Matrix Upper Triangular Matrix

Symmetric Matrix Lower Triangular Matrix

A+B=B+A Singular Matrix

AB not = BA Orthogonal Matrix ill-conditioned Matrix

Linear Algebra contd.
(Determinants)

Laplace
Expansion
Cramer’s Rule
 Matrix Inversion Schemes
This course has basically two styles of viewing the structural analysis
problem, namely:
■ Kd=F
■ SF=d
■ K and S are structure stiffness and flexibility matrices and F and d are
nodal forces and displacements.
■ To solve for either d or F (end reactions and displacements), we need
to invert K and S
■ For small matrices, this is doable by hand or calculator.
■ But for a building structure, matrix size can run in the order of 1000s.
For Finite element analysis of 3D solids, this can range in the millions!
■ What to do?
■ Maybe, apply Cramer’s Rule to find inverse? What’s the issue though?
Matrix Inversion Schemes

■Cramer’s Inverse solution can accumulate numerical/residual error and require

extensive computational time (FLOPS) for large matrix sizes. We need something
more efficient.

■Gauss-Gordan Elimination

– LU Decomposition

– Cholesky Decomposition

■Iterative Schemes

– Gauss-Siedal and Jacobi Iteration Schemes

Gauss-Gordan Elimination
 LU Decomposition

L= Lower U= Upper
Triangular Triangular
Matrix Matrix

Back
Substitution

Forward
Substitution
 Cholesky Decomposition

■ This method only works for symmetric and positive definite matrices.

𝑇
 
𝐷𝐿 =𝑈
 CASIO- FX 5800P
■ Required tool for this course
■ You will need a calculator that can
handle matrix storage and inversion
for 10x10 size or more.
MATLAB Demonstration
MASTAN/SAP 2000
Demonstration
Big Picture of this course

■ To be able to solve moderate size (read 10x10 matrices!)

indeterminate structures that include trusses, beams,
frames etc using programmable calculators
■ To be able to write basic MATLAB codes to solve larger
problem sizes and verify results with commercial
analysis software
■ To understand the fundamentals of structural dynamics
Scienti
■ To understand the fundamentals of non-linear analysis fic
Comput
ing