Motivation

JOHN AVE T. DECIO

 EARLY MODELS OF
MOTIVATION
Traditional
Model

Provide wage
incentive

Assumes that workers are traditionally lazy

 Workers could be motivated further by Financial Rewards
 Workers are expected to accept management authority in
exchange for high wages.
 Human Relation
Model

cater to employees’ social

needs

 Elton Mayo and other human relations researchers found that social
contracts of employees on their job were also important.

 Boredom and repetitiveness reduce performance and motivation.

The workers are expected to accept management’s authority

because supervisors treated them humanly and attentive to their
needs and wants.
 Human Resources
Model

offer increased responsibility

Employees should be given more responsibility for making decision

and carrying out their task.
From the human resources model, manager should share
responsibility for achieving organizational and individual objective.
Each person should contribute his share on the basis of his own
interests and abilities.
Current methods of studying
motivation
Content
Theories
focus on ‘what’ of motivation
Associated with McGregor, Herzberg, Maslow, Atkinson,
McClelland
It explains why human needs change with time.
It explains the specific factors that motivate behavior.
 Four content theories of
motivation:
I. Maslow’s need hierarchy
II. Alderfer’s ERG theory
III.McClelland’s achievement theory
IV.Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Maslow’s need hierarchy

o Physiological – Basic needs

Self
(e.x. food, clothing, shelter,
Actualization
water, air)
Esteem o Safety needs – protection of
individuals, to be safe, both
Social Belongingness physically and psychologically.
o Social Belongingness needs
Safety and Security
- desire for affection, affiliation,
Physiological friendship and love.
 Maslow’s need hierarchy

o Esteem
– to relate feeling of self-respect
Self
and self-worth, respect and
Actualizatio
esteem from other peers. n
- Includes desire for Esteem
recognition, achievement,
status & power. Social Belongingness
o Self Actualization
Safety and Security
- Highest need, desire to fulfill
one’s potential, skills and Physiological
abilities.
 ERG CONCEPT

 Existence-Relatedness-Growth (Clayton Alderfer)

 Modification of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
 It is similar with the Need Hierarchy concept because it also deals
with needs.
ERG concept is different from Need Hierarchy Concept in two ways:
1. Existence needs do not necessarily be satisfied first before the
need for relatedness and growth arises.
2. If a person has satisfied his relatedness need but is frustrated in
his growth needs, his desire for relatedness is still strong.
- as compared in hierarchy concept, a satisfied need is no longer a
motivator.