ENGR.

POLS

CEET 425 :
Structural Design 1- Timber
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Recall
 
Flexural & Axial Tension Ratio from actual to
bending w/
Members subject to both flexural and axial tension: slenderness

Interaction + 1.0 and 1.0

Value

where:
ft = actual stress, T, Cross-sectional Shear

A, Perpendicular to T
fb = actual bending stress,

Fb (allowable bending stress)

Ft (allowable axial stress)
Fb’ (allowable bending stress with slenderness adjustment)
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Flexural & Axial Compression

 Members subjected to Flexure & Axial Compression shall be proportioned such that:

+ 1.0
Where:
fc = compression stress parallel to grain (T/A)
fb = actual bending stress, (Mc/I)
Fb’ = allowable bending stress w/ adjustment factor
Fc’ = allowable compressive stress parallel to grain
J=
K = slenderness factor,
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For Fc’
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For K:
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Sample Problem
A single span beam fixed at both ends carries a uniform load of 26 kN/m
has an unsupported span of 4m. It is made up of yakal 200mm x 350mm
wooden section. It is subject to a compressive load of 400kN at its centroid.
Allowable stresses of Yakal using 80% stress grade are as follows:
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 24.5 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity in Bending = 9780 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 15.8 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 6.27 MPa
Shear parallel to the grain = 2.49MPa

1. Find the allowable bending stress w/ slenderness for correction

2. Allowable compressive stress
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Slenderness Factor
If d > b,
Cs = (Led/b2)
For Le :
Effective Length
Type of Beam Span & Nature of Load
(Le)
Single Span w/ Conc. Load on Center 1.61Lu
Single Span w/ Uniform Load 1.92Lu
Single Span equal end moments 1.84Lu
Cantilever Beam w/ Conc. Load @ unsupported end 1.69Lu
Cantilever Beam w/ Uniform Load 1.06Lu
Cantilever Beam w/ Uniform Load + Conc Load @ cantilever end 1.06Lu
Single or Cantilever Beam w/ any other load 1.06Lu
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Allowable Bending Stress

  A. Short unbraced beam:
if Cs < 10, use Fb’ = Fb

B. Intermediate Unbraced beam:

When Cs < Ck
Ck = 0.811 (E/Fb)
Fb’ = Fb [1 - (Cs/Ck)4]

C. For visually graded sawn beam:

When Cs > Ck but less than 50
Fb’ = 0.438E/Cs2
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For Fc’
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Bolted Connections
Spacing of Bolts
S = RI / VQ
where
S = spacing
R = shear capacity of bolts
I = moment of inertia of section at neutral axis
V = maximum shear
Q = statical moment of area
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Sample Problems
The 3.6m long walkway of a scaffold is made by screwing two 300mm x 12mm sheets of
plywood to a 40mm x 90mm timber. The screws have a 125mm spacing along the length of the
walkway. The working stress in bending is 5.8MPa for plywood and timbers, allowable shear
force for each screw is 1.115kN. Allowable shear stress for plywood and timber is 0.82MPa.

1. Find the safe load W of a person who can walk across the plank if the capacity of the
screws should not exceed.
2. Find the safe load W of a person who can walk across the plank if the allowable bending
stress of the wood should not exceed.
3. Find the safe load W of a person who can walk across the plank if the shear capacity of the
plywood and timber should not exceed.
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End of the Lecture