Baig Hafsa Fatima

43
Ba.L.Lb – 1st year
A.K.K New Law
Acadamy
Submitted to–
Sameena mam
8-Dec-2019.
 WHAT IS KINSHIP

 Kinship is one of the most important organizing components of

society. We will find this everywhere in the society. This social
institution ties individuals and groups together and establishes
a relationship among them.
 “The social relationships deriving from blood ties ( real and
supposed) and marriage are collectively referred to as kinship”
 Man does not live alone in society. From birth till death he is
surrounded by a number of people.Some of these people are
his relatives,some are friends,some are neighbours While all
others are strangers and unknown to him.He is bound to all
those people who are related to himeither on thebasis of blood
or marriage . The relations based on blood and marriage may
be close or distant.
 TYPES OF KINSHIP
The kinships are based on two broad aspects
1. Blood (Blood relationships)
2. Marriages
 Consanguineal kinship: This kinship is based on blood relationship
meaning the relationship between parents and children also
among immediate siblings. It is said to be the basic and universal
in relationships.
Connection between peoples that are traced by blood
.Lineal kins :- Direct decedents
.Siblings :- Brothers ,sisters
.Collateral kins :-Related through indirect relationships e.g.
father’s brother
 Affinal kinship: This kinship is based on marriage. The
relationship between husband and wife is the basic kin relations.
 KINDSHIP BY BLOOD

 Descent
 Unilineal descent
 Patrilineal descent
 Matrilineal descent
 Bilineal descent
 Double descent
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

 Marriage :- A socially or ritually recognized union or legal

contract between spouses that establishes right and obligations
between them

.Two rules of marriage :-

1. Endogamy :- The social rule which states that a partner
must be selected from person’s own social group
2. Exogamy :- The rules that proclaims that a partner must
be chosen from a group different from one’s own
DEGREE OF KINSHIP
The relationship among individuals or people depends on the level of
closeness and
separation of its relationship .Closeness and distance are based on how
these
individuals are related to each other.
○Primary Kinship
Primary kinship is based on direct relations. Individuals or people that
are directly related are said to be primary in nature. Primary kinship is
further divided into two:
1. Primary consanguineal kinship:
2. Primary Affinal kinship
○ Secondary kinship
Secondary kinship alludes to the primary kinship. As it were, the
individuals who are specifically identified with primary kinship (i.e.
primary kin of our primary kinship)
becomes secondary kinship. In other words, it means relations which
come through
primary kinship are said to be secondary kinship.
There are two types of Secondary kinship:
1. Secondary Consanguineal kinship
2. Secomdary affinal kinship
○Tertiary kinship:
Tertiary kinship is the secondary kinship of our primary kin or
primary kin of our
secondary kinship. For example, the wife of our brother in law
would be related to us as tertiary kin.
. Tertiary kinship is further divided into two:
1. Tertiary consanguineal kinship:
2. Tertiary affinal kinship
 DESCENTS AND LINEAGE

Descent: it refers to the socially existing recognized biological relationships

between people in the society. Every society looks at the fact that all offspring
and
children descend from their parents and usually it is said biological relationship
exists between parents and children. Therefore descent is used to trace an
individual’s ancestry.
Lineage: it refers to the line from which descent is traced. This is done by
looking
into fathers line or mothers line or from both the lines. Descent and lineage
work
together.
 CONCLUSION
 Man is a social animal. His social nature compels him to tie with
others in some form of relationships. He always live with his
fellow beings and is surrounded by different kinds of people.
The people with which he lives in society are his friends,
relatives, neighbors and strangers. Out of all these people man
is bound up with some either through blood ties or marriage
ties. This bond of blood or marriage which binds people
together in a group is called kinship.
 Kinship refers solely to relationship based upon descent and
marriage. An individual plays many roles in his social life such
as – son, father, brother etc. Kinship is the idiom by which many
people particularly in traditional societies comprehend these
roles. Kinship is a construct, a cultural artifact created by
almost all kinds of human society. As an artifact it primarily
shapes people. Kinship relations are the most basic
attachments a man has.
 REFERENCE

 The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by

Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007,
Chapter 31 Kinship and descent by Lee Conk and Drew Gerkey
 Lewis, N. (1983). Life in Egypt under Roman Rule. Clarendon
Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814848-7.
 White and Johansen, 2005, Chapter 4. (Bibliography)
 Joyce, Rosemary A. & Susan D. Gillespie (eds.). 2000. Beyond
Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies.
University of Pennsylvania Press.
 Wolf, Eric. 1982 Europe and the People Without History.
Berkeley: University of California Press. 92
 Radcliffe-Brown, A.R., Daryll Forde (1950). African Systems of
Kinship and Marriage. London: KPI Limited……..
THANKYOU.